The Impact of Physical Motion Cues on Driver Braking Performance: A Clinical Study Using Driving Simulator and Eye Tracker
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. Simulator and Motion Platform
2.2.2. Eye Tracker
2.2.3. Questionnaire
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Experimental Design
2.5. Experiment Procedure
3. Experimental Results
3.1. Simulator Data
3.2. Eye Tracker Data
3.2.1. “Without Signs” Scenario
3.2.2. “With Signs” Scenario
3.3. Questionnaire Data
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Symptom | Score | |
---|---|---|
No problems | 0 | |
Uneasiness (no typical symptoms) | 1 | |
Dizziness, warmth, headache, stomach awareness, sweating … | vague | 2 |
slight | 3 | |
fairly | 4 | |
severe | 5 | |
Nausea | slight | 6 |
fairly | 7 | |
severe | 8 | |
retching | 9 | |
Vomiting | 10 |
Motion Parameter | Description | Axis | Motion Level | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Motion | Mild Motion | High Motion | |||
Maximum Acceleration [rad/s2] | Limit for input linear acceleration, which defines the Scale function. | xAcc | 0 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
yAcc | 0 | 0.55 | 1.1 | ||
zAcc | 0 | 0.7 | 1.5 | ||
Maximum Angular Velocity [rad/s] | Limit for input angular velocity, which defines the Scale function. | xAV | 0 | 0.07 | 0.15 |
yAV | 0 | 0.07 | 0.15 | ||
Gain [-] | Multiplication factor (gain) of the linear acceleration that defines the Scale function. | xG | - | 0.45 | 0.9 |
yG | - | 0.1 | 0.2 | ||
zG | - | 0.15 | 0.3 |
Df | Sum Sq | Mean Sq | F | p-Value 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Motion Level Score | 2 | 19.51 | 9.754 | 7.337 | 0.00133 |
Residuals | 66 | 87.74 | 1.329 |
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El Hamdani, S.; Bouchner, P.; Kunclova, T.; Lehet, D. The Impact of Physical Motion Cues on Driver Braking Performance: A Clinical Study Using Driving Simulator and Eye Tracker. Sensors 2023, 23, 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010042
El Hamdani S, Bouchner P, Kunclova T, Lehet D. The Impact of Physical Motion Cues on Driver Braking Performance: A Clinical Study Using Driving Simulator and Eye Tracker. Sensors. 2023; 23(1):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010042
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl Hamdani, Sara, Petr Bouchner, Tereza Kunclova, and David Lehet. 2023. "The Impact of Physical Motion Cues on Driver Braking Performance: A Clinical Study Using Driving Simulator and Eye Tracker" Sensors 23, no. 1: 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010042