Design and Analysis of a Contact Piezo Microphone for Recording Tracheal Breathing Sounds
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microphone Design and Performance Analysis
2.2. Test 1: Frequency Response Analysis
2.3. Test 2: Tracheal and Lung Sounds Recording Analysis
2.4. Pre-Processing and Signal Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sensitivity (Measured at 1 kHz-94 dB SPL) | Frequency Range (Linear) | Sensor Type (Test Involved) | |
---|---|---|---|
Piezo-electric microphone | −50 dB (3.2 mv/Pa) | (20–5000) Hz | Piezo-electric disc (Tests 1 and 2) |
CM-01B | −60 dB (0.9 mv/Pa) | (8–2500) Hz | Piezo-electric (Tests 1 and 2) |
Brüel and Kjær type 4948-B | −57 dB (1.4 mv/Pa) | (5–20,000) Hz | Surface microphone (Test 1) |
Sony ECM-77B | −52 dB (2 mv/Pa) | (40–20,000) Hz | Condenser microphone (Test 2) |
200–599 Hz | 600–999 Hz | 1000–1399 Hz | 1400–1799 Hz | 1800–2199 Hz | 2200–2599 Hz | 2600–3000 Hz | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sony microphone | 0.33 ± 1.43 dB (0.67) | 0.42 ± 1.74 dB (0.54) | 0.46 ± 1.91 dB (0.81) | 0.18 ± 3.63 dB (0.68) | 4.80 ± 6.82 dB (0.006) * | 4.07 ± 6.68 dB (0.03) * | 2.80 ± 5.7 dB (0.24) |
CM-01B microphone | 0.12 ± 1.63 dB (0.69) | 1.07 ± 2.15 dB (0.26) | 1.03 ± 2.81 dB (0.32) | 0.28 ± 2.52 dB (0.82) | 1.15 ± 3.42 dB (0.11) | 2.81 ± 4.32 dB (0.02) * | 1.42 ± 4.50 dB (0.33) |
Piezo microphone | 0.10 ± 1.19 dB (0.85) | 0.81 ± 2.36 dB (0.73) | 0.23 ± 2.95 dB (0.78) | 0.80 ± 3.20 dB (0.53) | 1.5 ± 3.08 dB (0.36) | 0.04 ± 2.10 dB (0.71) | 0.17 ± 2.19 dB (0.87) |
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Ashraf, W.; Moussavi, Z. Design and Analysis of a Contact Piezo Microphone for Recording Tracheal Breathing Sounds. Sensors 2024, 24, 5511. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175511
Ashraf W, Moussavi Z. Design and Analysis of a Contact Piezo Microphone for Recording Tracheal Breathing Sounds. Sensors. 2024; 24(17):5511. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175511
Chicago/Turabian StyleAshraf, Walid, and Zahra Moussavi. 2024. "Design and Analysis of a Contact Piezo Microphone for Recording Tracheal Breathing Sounds" Sensors 24, no. 17: 5511. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175511