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Review

A Systematic Review of Lipid-Focused Cardiovascular Disease Research: Trends and Opportunities

by
Uchenna Alex Anyaegbunam
1,
Piyush More
1,2,
Jean-Fred Fontaine
1,3,
Vincent ten Cate
4,5,6,
Katrin Bauer
4,6,7,
Ute Distler
8,9,
Elisa Araldi
4,6,7,
Laura Bindila
10,
Philipp Wild
4,5,6 and
Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro
1,*
1
Computational Biology and Data Mining Group (CBDM), Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany
2
Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
3
Central Institute for Decision Support Systems in Crop Protection (ZEPP), 55545 Bad Kreuznach, Germany
4
Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
5
Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
6
German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
7
Computational Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), 55131 Mainz, Germany
8
Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
9
Research Centre for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
10
Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(12), 9904-9916; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45120618
Submission received: 7 November 2023 / Revised: 28 November 2023 / Accepted: 3 December 2023 / Published: 9 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Focus on Molecular Basis in Cardiac Diseases)

Abstract

Lipids are important modifiers of protein function, particularly as parts of lipoproteins, which transport lipophilic substances and mediate cellular uptake of circulating lipids. As such, lipids are of particular interest as blood biological markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as for conditions linked to CVD such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity and dietary states. Notably, lipid research is particularly well developed in the context of CVD because of the relevance and multiple causes and risk factors of CVD. The advent of methods for high-throughput screening of biological molecules has recently resulted in the generation of lipidomic profiles that allow monitoring of lipid compositions in biological samples in an untargeted manner. These and other earlier advances in biomedical research have shaped the knowledge we have about lipids in CVD. To evaluate the knowledge acquired on the multiple biological functions of lipids in CVD and the trends in their research, we collected a dataset of references from the PubMed database of biomedical literature focused on plasma lipids and CVD in human and mouse. Using annotations from these records, we were able to categorize significant associations between lipids and particular types of research approaches, distinguish non-biological lipids used as markers, identify differential research between human and mouse models, and detect the increasingly mechanistic nature of the results in this field. Using known associations between lipids and proteins that metabolize or transport them, we constructed a comprehensive lipid–protein network, which we used to highlight proteins strongly connected to lipids found in the CVD-lipid literature. Our approach points to a series of proteins for which lipid-focused research would bring insights into CVD, including Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2, a.k.a. COX2) and Acylglycerol kinase (AGK). In this review, we summarize our findings, putting them in a historical perspective of the evolution of lipid research in CVD.
Keywords: lipids; cardiovascular diseases; lipoproteins; lipid-protein network; research trends lipids; cardiovascular diseases; lipoproteins; lipid-protein network; research trends

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Anyaegbunam, U.A.; More, P.; Fontaine, J.-F.; Cate, V.t.; Bauer, K.; Distler, U.; Araldi, E.; Bindila, L.; Wild, P.; Andrade-Navarro, M.A. A Systematic Review of Lipid-Focused Cardiovascular Disease Research: Trends and Opportunities. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45, 9904-9916. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45120618

AMA Style

Anyaegbunam UA, More P, Fontaine J-F, Cate Vt, Bauer K, Distler U, Araldi E, Bindila L, Wild P, Andrade-Navarro MA. A Systematic Review of Lipid-Focused Cardiovascular Disease Research: Trends and Opportunities. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2023; 45(12):9904-9916. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45120618

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anyaegbunam, Uchenna Alex, Piyush More, Jean-Fred Fontaine, Vincent ten Cate, Katrin Bauer, Ute Distler, Elisa Araldi, Laura Bindila, Philipp Wild, and Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro. 2023. "A Systematic Review of Lipid-Focused Cardiovascular Disease Research: Trends and Opportunities" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 12: 9904-9916. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45120618

APA Style

Anyaegbunam, U. A., More, P., Fontaine, J.-F., Cate, V. t., Bauer, K., Distler, U., Araldi, E., Bindila, L., Wild, P., & Andrade-Navarro, M. A. (2023). A Systematic Review of Lipid-Focused Cardiovascular Disease Research: Trends and Opportunities. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 45(12), 9904-9916. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45120618

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