The Two-Sided Experimental Model of ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test as a Useful Tool for the Examination of Allergens Cross-Reactivity on the Example of α-Gal and Mammalian Meat Sensitization—A Preliminary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients History
2.2. Laboratory Procedures
2.2.1. Standard Laboratory Methods
2.2.2. ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test (IT)
2.2.3. The Experiment Scheme
2.3. Control
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Results before ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test
3.2. Results after ImmunoCAPInhibition Test with α-Gal (o215-ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test; o215-IT)
3.3. Results after ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test with Beef (f27-ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test; f27-IT)
3.4. Control Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Study Limitations and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measured Analyte | Inhibition Test (IT)-Stage | Results | p Wilcoxon Test | p Friedman ANOVA | [%] Inhibition | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | |||||||||
ALEX2 Results | ||||||||||||||
Total IgE [kU/L] | before IT | 2602 | 714 | 134 | 0.05 | |||||||||
after o215-IT | 160 | 20 | 114 | 0.11 | 93.85 | 97.2 | 14.93 | |||||||
after f27-IT | 1484 | 478 | 128 | 0.11 | 42.99 | 33.1 | 4.47 | |||||||
Bos d_meat (beef) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | 2.03 | 3.18 | 0.53 | 0.05 | |||||||||
after IT o215 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.11 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
after IT f27 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.11 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
Sus d_meat (pork) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | 0.38 | 0.49 | <0.1 | 0.13 | |||||||||
after o215-IT | 0.21 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.18 | 44.74 | 100 | - | |||||||
after f27-IT | 0.36 | 0.46 | <0.1 | 0.18 | 5.26 | 6.12 | - | |||||||
Equ c_meat (horseflesh) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | 1.8 | 3.17 | 0.25 | 0.05 | |||||||||
after o215-IT | <0.1 | 0.11 | 0.2 | 0.11 | 100 | 96.53 | 20 | |||||||
after f27-IT | 1.7 | 3.12 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 5.5 | 1.58 | 0 | |||||||
Ovi a_meat (lamb/mutton) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | <0.1 | 0.59 | <0.1 | 0.36 | |||||||||
after o215-IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | - | 100 | - | |||||||
after f27-IT | <0.1 | 0.58 | <0.1 | - | - | 1.69 | - | |||||||
Oryc_meat (rabbit meat) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | 0.76 | 0.53 | <0.1 | 0.22 | |||||||||
after o215-IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.18 | 100 | 100 | - | |||||||
after f27-IT | 0.45 | 0.53 | <0.1 | 0.65 | 1.3 | 0 | - | |||||||
Gal d_meat (chicken) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | |||||||||
after o215-IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
after f27-IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Mel d_meat (turkey) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | |||||||||
after o215-IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
after f27-IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Bos d 6 IgE [kUA/L] (serum albumin) | before IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | |||||||||
after o215-IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
after f27-IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Sus d 1 IgE [kUA/L] (serum albumin) | before IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | |||||||||
after o215-IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
after f27-IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
ISACE112i results | ||||||||||||||
anti-α-Gal IgE (nGal-alpha-1,3-Gal) [ISU-E] | before IT | 12 | 0.3 | <0.3 | ||||||||||
ImmunoCAP results | ||||||||||||||
anti-α-Gal IgE (nGal-alpha-1,3-Gal) [kUA/L] | before IT | 302 | 35.8 | 0.7 | 0.049 | |||||||||
after o215-IT | 43.6 | 4.28 | <0.1 | 0.11 | 85.56 | 88.04 | 100 | |||||||
after f27-IT | 161 | 26.1 | <0.1 | 0.11 | 46.69 | 27.09 | 100 | |||||||
anti-f27 (beef) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | 26 | 0.38 | 0.51 | 0.059 | |||||||||
after o215-IT | 16.76 | 0.21 | <0.1 | 0.11 | 35.54 | 44.74 | 100 | |||||||
after f27-IT | 0.99 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.11 | 96.19 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
anti-f26 (pork) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | 7.2 | <0.1 | <0.1 | ||||||||||
anti-f213 (rabbit meat) [kUA/L] IgE | before IT | 1.64 | <0.1 | <0.1 | ||||||||||
anti-f88 (mutton) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | 2.47 | <0.1 | <0.1 | ||||||||||
anti-c74 (gelatine) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | ||||||||||
anti-f83 (chicken) IgE [kUA/L] | before IT | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
Control Analyte | Inhibition Test (IT)-Stage | Result | [%] Inhibition |
---|---|---|---|
Patient 1 | |||
Aln g 1 IgE (alder pollen; PR-10) [kU/L] | before IT | 0.49 | |
after o215-IT | 0.51 | −4.08 | |
after f27-IT | 0.48 | 2.04 | |
Amb a 1 IgE (ragweed pollen; pectate lyase) [kUA/L] | before IT | 0.40 | |
after IT o215 | 0.41 | −2.5 | |
after IT f27 | 0.41 | −2.5 | |
Gly m 5 IgE (soya bean; 7S vicilin) [kUA/L] | before IT | 1.24 | |
after o215-IT | 1.25 | −0.8 | |
after f27-IT | 1.32 | −6.45 | |
Act d 1 IgE (kiwi fruit; actinidin) [kUA/L] | before IT | 0.62 | |
after o215-IT | 0.65 | −4.83 | |
after f27-IT | 0.64 | −3.22 | |
Mal d 1 IgE (apple, PR-10) [kUA/L] | before IT | 0.44 | |
after o215-IT | 0.47 | −6.82 | |
after f27-IT | 0.44 | 0 | |
Ves v 5 IgE (wasp venom, antigen 5) [kUA/L] | before IT | 1.31 | |
after o215-IT | 1.32 | −0.76 | |
after f27-IT | 1.30 | 0.76 | |
Patient 2 | |||
Bet v 1 IgE (birch pollen, PR-10) [kU/L] | before IT | 0.63 | |
after o215-IT | 0.62 | 1.59 | |
after f27-IT | 0.64 | −1.59 | |
Ara h 8 IgE (peanut; PR-10) [kUA/L] | before IT | 0.33 | |
after IT o215 | 0.35 | −6.06 | |
after IT f27 | 0.32 | 3.12 | |
Act d 2 IgE (kiwi fruit; thaumatin-like protein) [kUA/L] | before IT | 0.48 | |
after o215-IT | 0.48 | 0 | |
after f27-IT | 0.51 | −6.25 | |
Canf 4 IgE (domestic dog; lipocalin) [kUA/L] | before IT | 1.79 | |
after o215-IT | 1.83 | −2.23 | |
after f27-IT | 1.80 | −0.56 | |
Fel d 4 IgE (domestic cat; lipocalin) [kUA/L] | before IT | 0.35 | |
after o215-IT | 0.36 | −2.86 | |
after f27-IT | 0.37 | −5.71 | |
Patient 3 | |||
Aln g 1 (alder pollen; PR-10) [kU/L] | before IT | 3.93 | |
after o215-IT | 3.98 | −1.27 | |
after f27-IT | 3.9 | 0.76 | |
Bet v 1 IgE (birch pollen, PR-10) [kUA/L] | before IT | 30.49 | |
after IT o215 | 29.46 | 3.38 | |
after IT f27 | 30.51 | −0.07 | |
Cor a 1.0103 IgE (hazel pollen, PR-10) [kUA/L] | before IT | 4.52 | |
after o215-IT | 4.58 | −1.33 | |
after f27-IT | 4.55 | −0.66 | |
Amb a 4 IgE (ragweed pollen; defensin-like protein) [kUA/L] | before IT | 1.79 | |
after o215-IT | 1.89 | −5.59 | |
after f27-IT | 1.89 | −5.59 | |
Art v 1 IgE (mugwort pollen; defensin-like protein) [kUA/L] | before IT | 17.85 | |
after o215-IT | 17.85 | 0 | |
after f27-IT | 17.82 | 0.17 | |
Ara h 8 IgE (peanut; PR-10) [kUA/L] | before IT | 1.68 | |
after o215-IT | 1.65 | 1.79 | |
after f27-IT | 1.67 | 0.6 | |
Gly m 4 IgE (soya bean; PR-10) [kUA/L] | before IT | 2.01 | |
after IT o215 | 1.98 | 1.49 | |
after IT f27 | 1.99 | 1 | |
Api g 1 IgE (celery root; PR-10) [kUA/L] | before IT | 3.86 | |
after o215-IT | 3.84 | 0.52 | |
after f27-IT | 3.87 | −0.26 | |
Cor a 1.0401 IgE (hazelnut; PR-10) [kUA/L] | before IT | 6.62 | |
after o215-IT | 6.62 | 0 | |
after f27-IT | 6.64 | −0.3 | |
Ani s 3 IgE (Anisakis simplex; tropomyosin) [kUA/L] | before IT | 0.31 | |
after o215-IT | 0.31 | 0 | |
after f27-IT | 0.32 | −3.23 | |
Can f urine (Can f 5) IgE (domestic dog; arginine esterase) [kUA/L] | before IT | 3.99 | |
after o215-IT | 4 | −0.25 | |
after f27-IT | 4.01 | −5 | |
Can f 1 IgE (domestic dog; lipocalin) [kUA/L] | before IT | 25.5 | |
after IT o215 | 24.8 | 2.75 | |
after IT f27 | 24.81 | 2.71 | |
Fel d 7 IgE (domestic cat; lipocalin) [kUA/L] | before IT | 6.49 | |
after o215-IT | 6.73 | −3.7 | |
after f27-IT | 6.69 | −3.1 | |
Ves v 5 IgE (wasp venom, antigen 5) [kUA/L] | before IT | 0.39 | |
after IT o215 | 0.37 | 5.12 | |
after IT f27 | 0.4 | −2.56 |
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Lis, K.; Ukleja-Sokołowska, N.; Karwowska, K.; Wernik, J.; Pawłowska, M.; Bartuzi, Z. The Two-Sided Experimental Model of ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test as a Useful Tool for the Examination of Allergens Cross-Reactivity on the Example of α-Gal and Mammalian Meat Sensitization—A Preliminary Study. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45, 1168-1182. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45020077
Lis K, Ukleja-Sokołowska N, Karwowska K, Wernik J, Pawłowska M, Bartuzi Z. The Two-Sided Experimental Model of ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test as a Useful Tool for the Examination of Allergens Cross-Reactivity on the Example of α-Gal and Mammalian Meat Sensitization—A Preliminary Study. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2023; 45(2):1168-1182. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45020077
Chicago/Turabian StyleLis, Kinga, Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska, Kornelia Karwowska, Joanna Wernik, Małgorzata Pawłowska, and Zbigniew Bartuzi. 2023. "The Two-Sided Experimental Model of ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test as a Useful Tool for the Examination of Allergens Cross-Reactivity on the Example of α-Gal and Mammalian Meat Sensitization—A Preliminary Study" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 2: 1168-1182. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45020077