Teriflunomide Preserves Neuronal Activity and Protects Mitochondria in Brain Slices Exposed to Oxidative Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. TFN Restores Tissue Respiration during Oxidative Stress
2.2. TFN Prevents Oxidative Stress-Mediated Depression of Synaptic Transmission
2.3. TFN Does Not Prevent Oxidative Stress-Mediated ATP Decrease in Acute Hippocampal Slices
2.4. TFN Prevented Oxidative Stress-Induced Decrease in Mitochondrial Area in Acute Hippocampal Slices
2.5. TFN Did Not Prevent Oxidative Stress-Mediated Alterations in Mitochondrial Motility in Acute Hippocampal Slices
2.6. TFN Prevented the Oxidative Stress-Promoted Decrease in Length of Network Mitochondria and Size of Puncta-Shaped and Network Mitochondria in Acute Hippocampal Slices
2.7. TFN Enhanced Mitochondrial Speed in Puncta-Shaped Mitochondria in Acute Hippocampal Slices Exposed to Oxidative Stress
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Design and Settings
4.2. Experimental Animals and Ethics Statement
4.3. Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Sections
4.4. Simultaneous Electrophysiology and Oxygen Partial Pressure (pO2) Recordings in Hippocampal Slices
4.5. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Assay
4.6. Mitochondrial Imaging Using Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscope in Acute Hippocampus Sections
4.7. Image Analysis of Mitochondrial Morphology and Dynamics in Acute Hippocampal Slices
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Malla, B.; Liotta, A.; Bros, H.; Ulshöfer, R.; Paul, F.; Hauser, A.E.; Niesner, R.; Infante-Duarte, C. Teriflunomide Preserves Neuronal Activity and Protects Mitochondria in Brain Slices Exposed to Oxidative Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1538. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031538
Malla B, Liotta A, Bros H, Ulshöfer R, Paul F, Hauser AE, Niesner R, Infante-Duarte C. Teriflunomide Preserves Neuronal Activity and Protects Mitochondria in Brain Slices Exposed to Oxidative Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1538. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031538
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalla, Bimala, Agustin Liotta, Helena Bros, Rebecca Ulshöfer, Friedemann Paul, Anja E. Hauser, Raluca Niesner, and Carmen Infante-Duarte. 2022. "Teriflunomide Preserves Neuronal Activity and Protects Mitochondria in Brain Slices Exposed to Oxidative Stress" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1538. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031538