Usefulness of Protocolized Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Patients with Acute Renal Colic Who Visited Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Selection of Participants
2.3. Randomization and Study Protocol
2.4. Ultrasonography
2.5. Outcome Measures
2.6. Sample Size Calculation and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Patients and Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Outcome Analysis
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Conventional Group (n = 74) | Ultrasound Group (n = 73) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 42 (57) | 49 (67) | 0.196 |
Age (years) | 55 (42–62) | 48 (38–59) | 0.164 |
Previous medical history | |||
Hypertension | 9 (12) | 10 (14) | 0.781 |
Diabetes | 1 (2) | 4 (6) | 0.209 |
Cardiac, Lung, Kidney disease | 0 | 0 | 0.999 |
Malignancy | 2 (3) | 3 (4) | 0.681 |
Liver disease | 1 (2) | 3 (4) | 0.304 |
Ureter stone history (before 30 days) | 18 (24) | 22 (30) | 0.429 |
Pain score (Numeric rating scale) | 6 (4–7) | 5 (4–7) | 0.584 |
Vital sign | |||
SBP (mmHg) | 139 (120–157) | 134 (120–155) | 0.173 |
DBP (mmHg) | 83 (74–97) | 83 (75–93) | 0.651 |
Heart rate (beats per minute) | 73 (66–81) | 74 (66–79) | 0.744 |
Body temperature (°C) | 36.5 (36.3–36.9) | 36.6 (36.2–36.8) | 0.889 |
Laboratory test | |||
Serum creatinine | 0.93 (0.78–1.02) | 0.97 (0.76–1.49) | 0.258 |
Urine analysis | |||
Presence of Hematuria | 56 (76) | 63 (86) | 0.101 |
Nitrite | 3 (4) | 3 (4) | 0.999 |
Leukocyte esterase | 15 (20) | 16 (22) | 0.807 |
Admission | 0 | 0 | 0.999 |
Final diagnosis of ureter stone | 61 (83) | 67 (92) | 0.139 |
Conventional Group (n = 74) | Ultrasound Group (n = 73) | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (±SD) | 95% CI | Mean (±SD) | 95% CI | ||
ED LOS (min) | 234 (±76) | (216–252) | 172 (±92) | (151–194) | <0.001 |
Time from CT to discharge (min) | 104 (±60) | (91–118) | 125 (±70) | (104–141) | 0.065 |
ED Cost (USD) | 319 (±48) | (308–330) | 259 (±81) | (240–278) | <0.001 |
Diagnosed as Ureter stone | CG (n = 61) | UG (n = 67) | |||
ED LOS (min) | 231 (±78) | (211–251) | 157 (±57) | (144–171) | <0.001 |
Time from CT to discharge (min) | 104 (±62) | (88–119) | 118 (±50) | (106–130) | 0.154 |
ED Cost (USD) | 310 (±46) | (298–322) | 247 (±57) | (233–260) | <0.001 |
Follow-up | |||||
ESWL | 14 (23) | 14 (21) | 0.813 | ||
AKI | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0.999 | ||
UTI | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0.999 | ||
Other hospital follow-up | 6 (10) | 7 (11) | 0.886 | ||
Missed diagnosis | 0 | 0 |
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Kim, S.G.; Jo, I.J.; Kim, T.; Hwang, S.Y.; Park, J.H.; Shin, T.G.; Sim, M.S.; Cha, W.C.; Yoon, H. Usefulness of Protocolized Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Patients with Acute Renal Colic Who Visited Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Study. Medicina 2019, 55, 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55110717
Kim SG, Jo IJ, Kim T, Hwang SY, Park JH, Shin TG, Sim MS, Cha WC, Yoon H. Usefulness of Protocolized Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Patients with Acute Renal Colic Who Visited Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Study. Medicina. 2019; 55(11):717. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55110717
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Seok Goo, Ik Joon Jo, Taerim Kim, Sung Yeon Hwang, Joo Hyun Park, Tae Gun Shin, Min Seob Sim, Won Chul Cha, and Hee Yoon. 2019. "Usefulness of Protocolized Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Patients with Acute Renal Colic Who Visited Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Study" Medicina 55, no. 11: 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55110717