Evaluation of Portal Vein Doppler Findings in Patients with Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Laboratory Tests
2.3. Doppler US Evaluation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Disease Severity | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild-to-Moderate | Severe | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 20 | 52.6 | 5 | 50 | 25 | 52.1 |
Female | 18 | 47.4 | 5 | 50 | 23 | 47.9 |
Profession | ||||||
Farming/husbandry | 37 | 97.4 | 8 | 80 | 38 | 79.2 |
Other | 1 | 2.6 | 2 | 20 | 10 | 20.8 |
Most common symptoms | ||||||
Weakness | 37 | 97.4 | 10 | 100 | 47 | 97.9 |
Headache | 35 | 92.1 | 8 | 80 | 43 | 89.6 |
Diffuse body pain | 34 | 89.5 | 9 | 90 | 43 | 89.6 |
Fever (37.5°) | 33 | 86.8 | 8 | 80 | 41 | 85.4 |
Nausea/vomiting | 20 | 52.6 | 5 | 50 | 25 | 52.1 |
Diarrhea | 10 | 26.3 | 4 | 40 | 14 | 29.2 |
Physical finding | ||||||
Tachycardia | 3 | 7.9 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 8.3 |
Mental fog | 1 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.1 |
Hematuria | 1 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.1 |
Gastrointestinal system hemorrhage | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 2.1 |
Laboratory features | ||||||
Thrombocytopenia (<150,000/mm3) | 36 | 94.7 | 10 | 100 | 46 | 95.8 |
Leucopenia (<4000/mm3) | 34 | 89.5 | 8 | 80 | 42 | 87.5 |
Elevated AST/ALT (>40 U/L) | 32 | 84.2 | 6 | 60 | 38 | 79.2 |
Elevated CK (>240 U/L) | 27 | 71.1 | 10 | 100 | 34 | 70.8 |
Elevated LDH (>450 U/L) | 23 | 60.5 | 8 | 80 | 31 | 64.6 |
Elevated INR (>1.2 Sn%) | 3 | 7.9 | 2 | 20 | 5 | 10.4 |
Anemia (<12.5 gr/dL) | 1 | 2.6 | 2 | 20 | 3 | 6.3 |
Ultrasound finding | ||||||
Hepatomegaly (>160 mm) | 5 | 13.2 | 3 | 30 | 8 | 16.7 |
Splenomegaly (>120 mm) | 9 | 23.7 | 4 | 40 | 13 | 27.1 |
Elevated portal vein diameter (>10 mm) | 13 | 34.2 | 5 | 50 | 18 | 37.5 |
Elevated splenic vein diameter (>13 mm) | 3 | 7.9 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 8.3 |
Elevated portal vein flow rate (>40 cm/s) | 15 | 39.5 | 4 | 40 | 19 | 39.6 |
Abdominal free fluid | 1 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.1 |
Parameter | CCHF | Normal | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Values Mean ± SD or Median (Min–Max) | n | Values Mean ± SD or Median (Min–Max) | ||
Liver size (mm) | 48 | 147.30 ± 14.89 | 51 | 136.76 ± 11.70 | <0.001 |
Splenic volume (cm3) | 48 | 294.71 ± 107.19 | 51 | 175.96 ± 78.76 | <0.001 |
PV diameter (mm) | 48 | 12.36 ± 1.74 | 51 | 9.50 ± 1.60 | 0.002 |
SV diameter (mm) | 48 | 6.65 (3.00–10.90) | 51 | 3.90 (1.70–8.70) | <0.001 |
PV velocity (cm/s) | 48 | 27.92 ± 7.47 | 51 | 23.77 ± 4.73 | <0.001 |
Parameter | Disease Severity | n | Mean or Median | Standard Deviation or (Min–Max) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liver size (mm) | Mild-to-moderate | 38 | 147.476 | 13.2861 | >0.05 |
Severe | 10 | 146.610 | 20.7730 | ||
Splenic volume (cm3) | Mild-to-moderate | 38 | 288.25 | 105.00 | >0.05 |
Severe | 10 | 319.25 | 117.59 | ||
PV diameter (mm) | Mild-to-moderate | 38 | 12.366 | 1.6355 | >0.05 |
Severe | 10 | 12.350 | 2.2067 | ||
SV diameter (mm) | Mild-to-moderate | 38 | 6.600 | (3.5–10.9) | >0.05 |
Severe | 10 | 6.900 | (3.0–10.8) | ||
PV velocity (cm/s) | Mild-to-moderate | 38 | 28.237 | 7.5837 | >0.05 |
Severe | 10 | 26.710 | 7.2741 |
Parameter | Discharge | Mean | Standard Deviation | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liver size (mm) | Hospitalized | 147.28 | 15.28 | 0.041 |
Follow-up visit | 137.65 | 15.60 | ||
Splenic volume (cm3) | Hospitalized | 281.40 | 97.84 | 0.013 |
Follow-up visit | 214.47 | 121.88 | ||
PV diameter (mm) | Hospitalized | 12.68 | 1.76 | <0.001 |
Follow-up visit | 9.50 | 1.43 | ||
SV diameter (mm) | Hospitalized | 6.97 | 1.90 | <0.001 |
Follow-up visit | 4.68 | 1.97 | ||
PV velocity (cm/s) | Hospitalized | 27.58 | 10.08 | 0.058 |
Follow-up visit | 22.18 | 5.22 |
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Karavaş, E.; Karakeçili, F. Evaluation of Portal Vein Doppler Findings in Patients with Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Medicina 2019, 55, 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050146
Karavaş E, Karakeçili F. Evaluation of Portal Vein Doppler Findings in Patients with Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Medicina. 2019; 55(5):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050146
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaravaş, Erdal, and Faruk Karakeçili. 2019. "Evaluation of Portal Vein Doppler Findings in Patients with Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever" Medicina 55, no. 5: 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050146