Factors Affecting Self-Care Behavior Levels among Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Quantile Regression Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Sample and Setting
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Ethical Consideration
2.5. Instrument
2.5.1. Self-Care Behavior
2.5.2. Depression
2.5.3. Diabetes Knowledge
2.5.4. Self-Efficacy
2.5.5. Perceived Health Status
2.5.6. Diabetes Distress
2.5.7. Family Support
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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General Characteristics | N (%) | Mean (SD) | t or F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 1.93 | 0.055 | ||
Male | 118 (59.6) | 3.65 (0.49) | ||
Female | 80 (40.4) | 3.52 (0.47) | ||
Age (years) | 7.76 | <0.001 | ||
65–69 | 67 (33.8) | 3.80 (0.44) | ||
70–74 | 63 (31.8) | 3.53 (0.52) | ||
75–79 | 41 (20.7) | 3.53 (0.41) | ||
>85 | 27 (13.6) | 3.34 (0.44) | ||
Education level | 3.76 | 0.012 | ||
None | 43 (21.7) | 3.40 (0.51) | ||
Primary | 129 (65.2) | 3.64 (0.45) | ||
Middle | 15 (7.6) | 3.59 (0.50) | ||
High | 11 (5.6) | 3.85 (0.57) | ||
Economic status | 3.21 | 0.003 | ||
Low | 23 (11.5) | 3.33 (0.49) | ||
Middle | 170 (86.5) | 3.62 (0.47) | ||
High | 5 (2.5) | 4.23 (0.18) | ||
Marital status | −0.51 | 0.606 | ||
Married | 187 (94.4) | 3.59 (0.49) | ||
Single | 11 (5.6) | 3.67 (0.46) | ||
Educational place | 0.92 | 0.648 | ||
Hospital | 36 (18.2) | 3.37 (0.55) | ||
Public health center | 7 (3.5) | 3.62 (0.27) | ||
Mass media | 58 (29.3) | 3.70 (0.50) | ||
Smoking within the past six months | 0.51 | 0.648 | ||
Yes | 5 (2.5) | 3.59 (0.49) | ||
No | 193 (97.5) | 3.71 (0.26) | ||
Drinking within the past six months | 2.09 | 0.038 | ||
Yes | 25 (12.6) | 3.57 (0.49) | ||
No | 173 (87.4) | 3.78 (0.35) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 2.04 | 0.133 | ||
<25 | 48 (24.2) | 3.64 (0.52) | ||
25–30 | 79 (39.9) | 3.65 (0.41) | ||
>30 | 71 (35.9) | 3.50 (0.52) |
Variable | Min | Max | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Self-care | 2.50 | 4.85 | 3.59 | 0.48 |
Depression | 0.00 | 15.00 | 5.63 | 4.77 |
Knowledge related to diabetes | 3.00 | 17.00 | 8.09 | 2.60 |
Self-efficacy | 14.00 | 38.00 | 26.93 | 4.85 |
Perceived health status | 6.00 | 13.00 | 9.55 | 1.19 |
Diabetes distress | 1.00 | 4.29 | 1.86 | 0.57 |
Family support | 21.00 | 48.00 | 40.23 | 5.36 |
Self-Care | Depression | Knowledge about Diabetes | Self-Efficacy | Perceived Health Status | Diabetes Distress | Family Support | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-care | 1 | ||||||
Depression | −0.312 2 | 1 | |||||
Knowledge about diabetes | 0.299 2 | −0.004 | 1 | ||||
Self-efficacy | 0.781 2 | −0.430 2 | 0.287 2 | 1 | |||
Perceived health status | 0.280 2 | −0.317 2 | 0.003 | 0.525 2 | 1 | ||
Diabetes distress | −0.654 2 | 0.351 2 | −0.303 2 | −0.561 2 | −0.180 1 | 1 | |
Family support | 0.185 2 | −0.205 2 | 0.212 2 | 0.116 | −0.007 | −0.258 2 | 1 |
OLS ß (SE) | QR Coef (SE) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Q 0.10 | Q 0.25 | Q 0.50 | Q 0.75 | Q 0.90 | |
Age | −0.013 1 | −0.007 1 | −0.012 1 | −0.013 1 | −0.017 1 | −0.022 |
(0.005) | (0.003) | (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.007) | (0.011) | |
Education level | −0.028 | 0.001 | −0.049 | −0.057 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
(0.031) | (0.027) | (0.037) | (0.029) | (0.037) | (0.064) | |
Economic status | 0.058 | 0.062 | 0.033 | 0.067 | 0.007 | 0.013 |
(0.064) | (0.071) | (0.087) | (0.059) | (0.081) | (0.013) | |
Illness period | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
(0.004) | (0.003) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.005) | (0.646) | |
Smoking within the past six months | −0.063 | −0.283 2 | −0.228 1 | −0.151 | −0.004 | 0.011 |
(0.127) | (0.059) | (0.101) | (0.114) | (0.096) | (0.137) | |
Education about diabetes | 0.016 | −0.095 1 | −0.041 | −0.044 | 0.006 | 0.053 |
(0.043) | (0.033) | (0.037) | (0.041) | (0.067) | (0.121) | |
Depression | 0.006 | 0.0232 | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.011 | 0.002 |
(0.005) | (0.004) | (0.007) | (0.005) | (0.006) | (0.007) | |
Knowledge about diabetes | −0.005 | −0.014 1 | −0.021 | −0.011 | −0.001 | −0.025 |
(0.009) | (0.006) | (0.011) | (0.008) | (0.011) | (0.017) | |
Self-efficacy | 0.063 1 | 0.049 1 | 0.062 2 | 0.053 2 | 0.059 2 | 0.065 1 |
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.009) | (0.006) | (0.009) | (0.022) | |
Perceived health status | −0.051 1 | −0.008 | −0.029 | −0.043 1 | −0.051 1 | −0.071 1 |
(0.02) | (0.014) | (0.023) | (0.017) | (0.023) | (0.035) | |
Diabetes distress | −0.246 1 | −0.468 1 | −0.403 2 | −0.419 2 | −0.238 2 | −0.163 |
(0.045) | (0.024) | (0.044) | (0.043) | (0.091) | (0.209) | |
Family support | 0.005 | 0.0151 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.012 |
(0.004) | (0.002) | (0.056) | (0.003) | (0.006) | (0.714) | |
R2 | 0.71 | 0.511 | 0.507 | 0.533 | 0.493 | 0.461 |
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Kim, M.Y.; Lee, E.J. Factors Affecting Self-Care Behavior Levels among Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Quantile Regression Approach. Medicina 2019, 55, 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070340
Kim MY, Lee EJ. Factors Affecting Self-Care Behavior Levels among Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Quantile Regression Approach. Medicina. 2019; 55(7):340. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070340
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Min Young, and Eun Ju Lee. 2019. "Factors Affecting Self-Care Behavior Levels among Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Quantile Regression Approach" Medicina 55, no. 7: 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070340