Polymorphism rs2066865 in the Fibrinogen Gamma Chain (FGG) Gene Increases Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration and Is Associated with an Increased Microvascular Thrombosis Rate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Laboratory Workup
2.3. Genotyping
2.4. Data Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Course
3.2. The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism rs2066865 in the FGG gene and free flap thrombotic complications.
3.3. The Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs2066865 in the FGG gene and Inflammatory Parameters and Platelet Count.
3.4. The Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Rs2066865 in the FGG Gene and the Plasma Fibrinogen Level.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SNP rs2066865 (G > A) In the fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) Gene | G/G n = 79 | G/A n = 22 | A/A n = 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Age (M ± SD) | 39.62 (13.03) | 46.21 (12.49) | 52.0 (14.39) |
Sex, female | 7 (8.8) | 4 (18.1) | 1 (33.3) |
Free flap thrombosis | 6 (7.59) | 5 (22.7) | 1 (33.3) |
History of thrombosis: | 2 (2.53) | 3 (13.6) | 2 (66.7) |
arterial (MI; CI) | 2 (2.53) | - | |
venous (DVT; PATE) | - | 3 (13.6) | 2 (66.7) |
Family history of thrombosis | 7 (8.9) | 3 (13.6) | 2 (66.7) |
arterial (MI; CI) | 5 (6.37) | - | - |
venous (DVT; PATE) | 2 (2.53) | 3 (13.6) | 2 (66.7) |
Medication | |||
antithrombotics | 2 (2.53) | 1 (4.5) | 3 (100) |
oral contraceptives | - | 1 (4.5) | - |
Smoking | 22 (27.8) | 15 (68.1) | 3 (100) |
Metabolic disturbances ∗ | 8 (10.1) | 2 (9.1) | 1 (33.3) |
Alcohol abuse | 6 (7.6) | 1 (4.54) | 1 (33.3) |
Defect etiology: trauma | 32 (41) | 12 (54.5) | 43(100) |
recent trauma, (<30 d) | 22 (27.8) | 8 (36.3) | 2 (66.7) |
polytrauma | 6 (7.6) | 2 (9.1) | - |
chronic inflammation | 15 (19) | 10 (45.5) | 1 (33.3) |
malignancy | 4 (5.1) | 4 (18.2) | 1 (33.3) |
burn | 1 (1.3) | 1 (4.5) | - |
Flap | Etiology | Defect Localization | Time to Thrombosis | Thrombosis Venue | Re-Anastomosis | Flap Necrosis | Salvage Measure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scapular/Parascapular | osteomyelitis | lower extremity | 18 h | venous | yes | no | additional vein anastomosis |
Medial plantar artery flap | osteomyelitis | lower extremity | no data | arterial | yes | no | additional vein anastomosis |
LAF | trauma | lower extremity | 23 h 55 min | venous | yes | no | additional vein anastomosis |
Scapular/Parascapular | osteomyelitis | lower extremity | 23 h 30 min | venous | yes | no | - |
Scapular/Parascapular | polytrauma | lower extremity | 23 h 15 min | venous | yes | yes | additional vein anastomosis |
Sartorius free flap | trauma | lower extremity | no data | arterial and venous | no | yes | NPWT; STSG |
Osteocutaneus FF | trauma | lower extremity | 120 h | arterial and venous | yes | yes | local muscle flap and STSG |
Osteocutaneus FF | osteomyelitis | lower extremity | 144 h | arterial and venous | yes | yes | local flap |
Serratus anterior muscle flap | osteomyelitis | lower extremity | 74 h 20 min | arterial and venous | yes | yes | NPWT; STSG |
RFF | malignancy | orofacial | 13 h 10 min | arterial | yes | yes | local flap |
LAF | trauma | upper extremity | no data | venous | yes | yes | ALT flap |
Scapular/Parascapular | trauma | lower extremity | 49 h | venous | no | yes | local flap; STSG |
SNP (Gene) | Genotypes | Thrombosis Group | Non-Thrombosis Group | OR (CI, 95%) a | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs2066865 in FGG | GG/GA/AA | 6/5/1 | 73/17/2 | 0.30 (0.044 to 0.57) | 0.016 |
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Drizlionoka, K.; Zariņš, J.; Ozoliņa, A.; Ņikitina-Zaķe, L.; Mamaja, B. Polymorphism rs2066865 in the Fibrinogen Gamma Chain (FGG) Gene Increases Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration and Is Associated with an Increased Microvascular Thrombosis Rate. Medicina 2019, 55, 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090563
Drizlionoka K, Zariņš J, Ozoliņa A, Ņikitina-Zaķe L, Mamaja B. Polymorphism rs2066865 in the Fibrinogen Gamma Chain (FGG) Gene Increases Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration and Is Associated with an Increased Microvascular Thrombosis Rate. Medicina. 2019; 55(9):563. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090563
Chicago/Turabian StyleDrizlionoka, Karina, Jānis Zariņš, Agnese Ozoliņa, Liene Ņikitina-Zaķe, and Biruta Mamaja. 2019. "Polymorphism rs2066865 in the Fibrinogen Gamma Chain (FGG) Gene Increases Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration and Is Associated with an Increased Microvascular Thrombosis Rate" Medicina 55, no. 9: 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090563