High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Gram-Negative Isolated Bacilli in Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Yucatán Mexico
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site and Period of Study
2.2. Microbiology
2.2.1. Culture and Identification
2.2.2. Test Drugs
2.2.3. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
2.2.4. Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Bacterial Isolates
3.2. AMR of the Clinical Isolates
3.3. MDR, HRMO Profiles, and ESBL-Producing
4. Discussion
4.1. Bacterial Isolates
4.2. AMR of the Clinical Isolates
4.3. MDR, HRMO Profiles, and ESBL-Producing
4.4. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Total Number of Isolates | PA | KP | EC | AB | SM | ECl | OGNB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bronchial secretions | 245 | 65 | 40 | 35 | 38 | 40 | 14 | 13 |
Urine | 91 | 21 | 30 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 6 |
Blood | 76 | 19 | 21 | 10 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 14 |
Catheter | 37 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
Wound | 34 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
Cerebrospinal fluids | 28 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Pleural fluids | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Ear-sample | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total (%) | 517 | 156 (30.17) | 104 (20.12) | 83 (16.05) | 53 (10.25) | 49 (9.48) | 32 (6.19) | 40 (7.74) |
Antimicrobial Drugs | PA | KN | EC | AB | SM | ECl | OGNB | Overall Isolates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ampicillin | 101/104 (97.12) | 78/83 (93.98) | 30/32 (93.75) | 22/22 (100) | 231/241 (95.85) | |||
Ampicillin/ Sulbactam | 71/104 (68.27) | 64/83 (77.11) | 28/53 (52.83) | 24/32 (75.00) | 13/29 (44.83) | 200/301 (66.67) | ||
Piperacillin | 12/17 (70.59) | 30/30 (100) | 20/25 (80.00) | 6/8 (75.00) | 0/2 (0.00) | 68/82 (82.93) | ||
Piperacillin/ Tazobactam | 71/155 (45.80) | 28/103 (27.18) | 28/81 (34.57) | 8/32 (25.00) | 4/22 (18.18) | 139/393 (35.36) | ||
Ticarcillin/ Clavulanic acid | 26/40 (65.00) | 11/28 (39.29) | 16/29 (55.17) | 16/28 (57.14) | 10/28 (35.71) | 4/7 (57.14) | 2/14 (14.29) | 85/174 (48.85) |
Cefazolin | 25/41 (60.97) | 34/411 (82.93) | 8/8 (100) | 8/10 (80.00) | 75/100 (75.00) | |||
Cefotetan | 7/62 (11.29) | 1/57 (1.75) | 6/16 (37.50) | 2/11 (18.18) | 16/146 (10.96) | |||
Cefuroxime | 84/103 (81.55) | 73/83 (87.95) | 27/32 (84.98) | 18/22 (81.82) | 202/240 (84.17) | |||
Cefotaxime | 84/104 (80.76) | 72/83 (86.75) | 40/53 (75.47) | 22/32 (68.75) | 17/29 (58.62) | 235/301 (78.07) | ||
Ceftazidime | 100/154 (64.93) | 84/104 (80.76) | 73/83 (87.95) | 43/53 (81.13) | 28/49 (57.14) | 22/32 (68.75) | 24/36 (66.67) | 374/511 (73.19) |
Ceftriaxone | 84/104 (80.76) | 73/83 (87.95) | 36/53 (67.92) | 23/32 (71.88) | 17/29 (58.62) | 233/301 (77.41) | ||
Cefepime | 83/155 (55.13) | 83/104 (79.80) | 71/83 (85.54) | 40/53 (75.47) | 19/32 (59.37) | 17/29 (58.62) | 313/456 (68.64) | |
Aztreonam | 24/57 (42.11) | 65/74 (87.84) | 56/63 (88.89) | 14/16 (87.50) | 8/12 (66.67) | 167/222 (75.23) | ||
Imipenem | 108/155 (69.68) | 10/104 (9.62) | 3/83 (3.61) | 7/32 (21.88) | 2/15 (13.33) | 130/389 (33.41) | ||
Meropenem | 84/155 (54.19) | 7/104 (6.73) | 2/83 (2.41) | 30/53 (56.60) | 1/32 (3.13) | 3/36 (8.33) | 127/463 (27.42) | |
Ciprofloxacin | 65/155 (41.93) | 32/104 (30.77) | 65/83 (78.31) | 42/53 (79.25) | 16/32 (50.00) | 8/29 (27.59) | 228/456 (49.34) | |
Levofloxacin | 61/155 (39.35) | 16/104 (15.38) | 63/83 (75.90) | 32/53 (60.38) | 3/49 (6.12) | 4/32 (12.50) | 7/36 (19.44) | 186/512 (36.32) |
Moxifloxacin | 5/28 (17.86) | 21/30 (70.00) | 1/8 (12.50) | 1/9 (11.11) | 28/75 (37.33) | |||
Amikacin | 90/155 (58.06) | 14/104 (13.46) | 8/83 (9.64) | 31/53 (58.49) | 5/32 (15.63) | 10/29 (34.48) | 158/456 (34.65) | |
Gentamicin | 80/155 (51.61) | 48/104 (46.15) | 52/83 (62.65) | 45/53 (84.91) | 9/32 (28.13) | 8/29 (27.59) | 242/456 (53.07) | |
Tobramycin | 66/155 (42.58) | 63/102 (61.76) | 64/81 (79.01) | 34/53 (64.15) | 15/31 (48.39) | 18/29 (62.07) | 260/451 (57.65) | |
Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole | 66/102 (64.71) | 52/82 (63.41) | 41/53 (77.36) | 4/49 (8.16) | 15/31 (48.39) | 15/35 (42.86) | 193/352 (54.83) |
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Uc-Cachón, A.H.; Gracida-Osorno, C.; Luna-Chi, I.G.; Jiménez-Guillermo, J.G.; Molina-Salinas, G.M. High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Gram-Negative Isolated Bacilli in Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Yucatán Mexico. Medicina 2019, 55, 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090588
Uc-Cachón AH, Gracida-Osorno C, Luna-Chi IG, Jiménez-Guillermo JG, Molina-Salinas GM. High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Gram-Negative Isolated Bacilli in Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Yucatán Mexico. Medicina. 2019; 55(9):588. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090588
Chicago/Turabian StyleUc-Cachón, Andrés H., Carlos Gracida-Osorno, Iván G. Luna-Chi, Jonathan G. Jiménez-Guillermo, and Gloria M. Molina-Salinas. 2019. "High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Gram-Negative Isolated Bacilli in Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Yucatán Mexico" Medicina 55, no. 9: 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090588