Mobbing and Violence at Work as Hidden Stressors and Work Ability among Emergency Medical Doctors in Serbia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | EMS (n = 79) |
---|---|
Sex | |
Female | 50 (63.3%) |
Male | 29 (36.7%) |
Age | |
<30 years | 7 (8.9%) |
30–39 years | 18 (22.8%) |
40–49 years | 26 (32.9%) |
50–59 years | 26 (32.9%) |
>60 years | 2 (2.5%) |
Marital status | |
Married | 60 (75.9%) |
Live together | 4 (5.1%) |
Live with parents | 8 (10.1%) |
Divorced | 3 (3.8%) |
Singles | 4 (5.1%) |
With how many children live | |
None | 17 (21.5%) |
1 | 32 (40.5%) |
2 | 28 (35.4%) |
3 or more | 2 (2.5%) |
Weekly work hours (h) | 40.29 ± 3.58 |
Paid overtime work (h) | 0.77 ± 2.86 |
Unpaid overtime work (h) | 2.38 ± 6.73 |
Other jobs (h) | 0.41 ± 1.93 |
Work in shifts | |
Primarily between 06:00 and 18:00 | 9 (11.4%) |
Primarily between 22:00 and 06:00 | 1 (1.3%) |
Variable hours without night work | 3 (3.8%) |
Variable opening hours with night work | 66 (83.5%) |
Internship at the institution (years) | 13.68 ± 9.65 |
Scores | Dimensions | β | 95% CI | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HMP (n = 79) | Lower | Upper | ||||
1.131.26 | Quantitative demands | −0.071 | −0.248 | 0.105 | −0.798 | 0.426 |
4.92 ± 1.78 | Work pace | 0.095 | −0.027 | 0.218 | 1.539 | 0.126 |
5.18 ± 1.67 | Emotional demands | −0.224 | −0.328 | −0.121 | −4.279 | <0.001 |
5.97 ± 1.89 | Influence | 0.106 | −0.008 | 0.220 | 1.832 | 0.069 |
5.97 ± 1.38 | Possibilities for development | 0.101 | −0.047 | 0.249 | 1.355 | 0.178 |
7.25 ± 1.19 | Meaning of work | −0.015 | −0.172 | 0.142 | −0.185 | 0.853 |
4.82 ± 1.34 | Commitment to the workplace | 0.310 | 0.160 | 0.460 | 4.082 | <0.001 |
5.24 ± 1.49 | Predictability | 0.147 | 0.006 | 0.288 | 2.055 | 0.042 |
4.66 ± 1.57 | Rewards (recognition) | 0.163 | 0.026 | 0.301 | 2.354 | 0.020 |
6.75 ± 1.31 | Role clarity | 0.248 | 0.079 | 0.416 | 2.910 | 0.004 |
4.99 ± 2.15 | Quality of leadership | 0.101 | −0.006 | 0.208 | 1.859 | 0.065 |
5.71 ± 2.10 | Social support from supervisor | 0.051 | −0.059 | 0.161 | 0.916 | 0.361 |
2.10 ± 0.49 | Job satisfaction | 0.456 | 0.031 | 0.882 | 2.122 | 0.036 |
3.59 ± 1.78 | Work−family conflict | −0.202 | −0.322 | −0.083 | −3.341 | 0.001 |
5.33 ± 1.42 | Trust regarding management | 0.151 | −0.009 | 0.312 | 1.866 | 0.064 |
4.32 ± 1.74 | Justice and respect | 0.019 | −0.101 | 0.140 | 0.319 | 0.751 |
2.00 ± 1.00 | Self rated health | 0.704 | 0.513 | 0.894 | 7.310 | <0.001 |
4.70 ± 1.82 | Burnout | −0.283 | −0.390 | −0.175 | −5.190 | <0.001 |
4.85 ± 1.54 | Stress | −0.221 | −0.341 | −0.101 | −3.651 | <0.001 |
Characteristics | β | 95% CI | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||
COPSOQ scores (dimensions 1–19) | |||||
Role clarity | 0.166 | 0.022 | 0.311 | 2.273 | 0.025 |
Self rated health | 0.600 | 0.409 | 0.790 | 6.219 | <0.001 |
COPSOQ scores (dimensions 20–23) | |||||
Inexposure to threats of violence | 0.646 | 0.179 | 1.113 | 2.736 | 0.007 |
Exposure to physical violence | −0.746 | −1.494 | −0.003 | −1.991 | 0.049 |
Characteristics | EMS (n = 79) |
---|---|
Sexual harassment in the last 12 months | |
Every day | - |
Once in a week | - |
Once in a month | 1 (1.3%) |
Only few times | 9 (11.4%) |
No | 69 (87.3%) |
Unwanted attention was expressed by | |
Colleague | 3 (3.8%) |
Manager | - |
Subordinate | 4 (5.1%) |
Patients/clients | 4 (5.1%) |
Exposure to threats of violence in the last 12 months | |
Every day | 3 (3.8%) |
Once in a week | 4 (5.1%) |
Once in a month | 4 (5.1%) |
Only few times | 27 (34.2%) |
No | 41 (51.9%) |
Threats are directed by | |
Colleague | 2 (2.5%) |
Manager | 1 (1.3%) |
Subordinate | - |
Patients/clients | 36 (45.6%) |
Exposure to physical violence in the last 12 months | |
Every day | - |
Once in a week | 1 (1.3%) |
Once in a month | - |
Only few times | 12 (15.2%) |
Not at all | 66 (83.5%) |
Violence is manifested by | |
Colleague | 1 (1.3%) |
Manager | - |
Subordinate | - |
Patients/clients | 13 (16.5%) |
Exposure to abuse in the last 12 months | |
Every day | 1 (1.3%) |
Once in a week | 2 (2.5%) |
Once in a month | 1 (1.3%) |
Only few times | 20 (25.3%) |
Not at all | 55 (69.6%) |
The abuse was manifested by | |
Colleague | 4 (5.1%) |
Manager | 4 (5.1%) |
Subordinate | 3 (3.8%) |
Patients/clients | 15 (19.0%) |
Characteristic | β | 95% CI | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||
Weekly working hours (h) | −0.015 | −0.055 | 0.025 | −0.725 | 0.469 |
Paid overtime work (h) | 0.028 | −0.064 | 0.120 | 0.600 | 0.549 |
Unpaid overtime (h) | −0.019 | −0.060 | 0.022 | −0.907 | 0.366 |
Other jobs (h) | 0.003 | −0.047 | 0.052 | 0.112 | 0.911 |
Work experience in HMP (years) | −0.011 | −0.036 | 0.013 | −0.899 | 0.370 |
Working primarily between 06:00 and 18:00 | 0.613 | 0.172 | 1.054 | 2.748 | 0.007 |
Working primarily between 22:00 and 06:00 | 0.346 | −2.316 | 3.007 | 0.257 | 0.798 |
Variable opening hours without night work | −2.376 | −3.870 | −0.881 | −3.143 | 0.002 |
Variable opening hours with night work | −0.420 | −0.868 | 0.028 | −1.853 | 0.066 |
Sexual harassment | |||||
Exposure to sexual harassment—monthly | −0.662 | −3.322 | 1.998 | −0.492 | 0.624 |
Exposure to unwanted sexual attention—few times a year | 0.209 | −0.563 | 0.982 | 0.535 | 0.593 |
Inexposure to sexual harassment | −0.143 | −0.891 | 0.604 | −0.379 | 0.705 |
Exposure to unwanted sex. att.—colleague | 0.353 | −0.991 | 1.698 | 0.520 | 0.604 |
Exposure to unwanted sex. att.—subordinates | 0.359 | −0.747 | 1.465 | 0.642 | 0.522 |
Exposure to unwanted sex. att.—patients | −0.474 | −1.680 | 0.732 | −0.778 | 0.438 |
Exposure to threats of violence | |||||
Exposure to threats of violence—daily | −0.677 | −2.018 | 0.665 | −0.998 | 0.320 |
Exposure to threats of violence—weekly | −0.934 | −2.271 | 0.402 | −1.382 | 0.169 |
Exposure to threats of violence—monthly | −0.677 | −2.018 | 0.665 | −0.998 | 0.320 |
Exposure to threats of violence—few times a year | −0.506 | −1.029 | 0.017 | −1.914 | 0.058 |
Inexposure to threats of violence | 0.714 | 0.247 | 1.181 | 3.022 | 0.003 |
Exposure to threats of violence—colleagues | −0.331 | −1.878 | 1.217 | −0.423 | 0.673 |
Exposure to threats of violence—manager | −0.662 | −3.322 | 1.998 | −0.492 | 0.624 |
Exposure to threats of violence—subordinates | −0.162 | −1.508 | 1.184 | −0.238 | 0.813 |
Exposure to threats of violence—patients/clients | −0.727 | −1.218 | −0.236 | −2.929 | 0.004 |
Exposure to physical violence | |||||
Exposure to physical violence—weekly | 0.346 | −2.316 | 3.007 | 0.257 | 0.798 |
Exposure to physical violence—few times a year—patients | −0.896 | −1.654 | −0.138 | −2.337 | 0.021 |
Inexposure to physical violence | 0.811 | 0.076 | 1.547 | 2.182 | 0.031 |
Exposure to physical violence—colleague | −0.667 | −2.553 | 1.219 | −0.699 | 0.486 |
Exposure to abuse | |||||
Exposure to abuse—daily | −0.159 | −2.049 | 1.730 | −0.167 | 0.868 |
Exposure to abuse—weekly | −0.162 | −1.508 | 1.184 | −0.238 | 0.813 |
Exposure to abuse—monthly | −0.662 | −3.322 | 1.998 | −0.492 | 0.624 |
Exposure to abuse—few times a year | −0.691 | −1.241 | −0.141 | −2.487 | 0.014 |
Inexposure to abuse | 0.652 | 0.144 | 1.160 | 2.540 | 0.012 |
Exposure to abuse—colleagues | −0.542 | −1.567 | 0.483 | −1.045 | 0.298 |
Exposure to abuse—manager | −0.169 | −1.040 | 0.701 | −0.384 | 0.701 |
Exposure to abuse—subordinate | −0.241 | −1.269 | 0.788 | −0.463 | 0.644 |
Exposure to abuse—patients/clients | −0.750 | −1.425 | −0.075 | −2.196 | 0.030 |
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Nikolić, D.; Višnjić, A. Mobbing and Violence at Work as Hidden Stressors and Work Ability among Emergency Medical Doctors in Serbia. Medicina 2020, 56, 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56010031
Nikolić D, Višnjić A. Mobbing and Violence at Work as Hidden Stressors and Work Ability among Emergency Medical Doctors in Serbia. Medicina. 2020; 56(1):31. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56010031
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolić, Dragan, and Aleksandar Višnjić. 2020. "Mobbing and Violence at Work as Hidden Stressors and Work Ability among Emergency Medical Doctors in Serbia" Medicina 56, no. 1: 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56010031
APA StyleNikolić, D., & Višnjić, A. (2020). Mobbing and Violence at Work as Hidden Stressors and Work Ability among Emergency Medical Doctors in Serbia. Medicina, 56(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56010031