Associations of Spiritual Well-Being and Hope with Health Anxiety Severity in Patients with Advanced Coronary Artery Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Objective
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.3. Ethical Consideration
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Correlations
3.2. Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis for Hope and Spiritual Well-Being Subscales as Predictors of Health Anxiety
3.3. Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis for Total Scores of Hope and Spiritual Well-Being as Predictors of Health Anxiety
4. Discussion
5. Limitations, Strengths, and Future Directions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean (SD) | Range | Skewness | Kurtosis | Alpha | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Health Anxiety | 55.96 (7.26) | 37–70 | −0.38 | 0.10 | 0.88 | 1 | |||||||||
2. Total spirituality well-being | 62.57(5.58) | 29–73 | −1.93 | 1.48 | 0.86 | −0.34 ** | 1 | ||||||||
3. Total hope | 30.63 (5.29) | 17–40 | −0.32 | −0.15 | 0.85 | −0.44 ** | 0.40 ** | 1 | |||||||
4. Religious spirituality | 32.25 (3.22) | 14–38 | −1.91 | 1.22 | 0.82 | −0.40 ** | 0.85 ** | 0.42 ** | 1 | ||||||
5. Existential spirituality | 30.32 (3.33) | 15–37 | −1.76 | 1.02 | 0.89 | −0.18 | 0.87 ** | 0.26 ** | 0.45 ** | 1 | |||||
6. Agency | 15.25 (3.06) | 9–20 | −0.55 | −0.50 | 0.83 | −0.48 ** | 0.45 ** | 0.95 ** | 0.43 ** | 0.35 ** | 1 | ||||
7. Pathway | 15.38 (2.54) | 8–20 | −0.15 | 0.10 | 0.88 | −0.33 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.93 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.13 | 0.78 ** | 1 | |||
8. Age | 44.53 (7.62) | 23–65 | - | 0.06 | −0.08 | −0.07 | −0.07 | −0.07 | −0.12 | −0.00 | 1 | ||||
9. Gender | - | - | - | −0.20 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.05 | −0.29 ** | 1 | |||
10. Education | - | - | - | −0.05 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.02 | −0.00 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.11 | −0.04 | 1 |
Outcomes | Predictors | B | SE | Beta | T | p | R2 | R2 Change | F Change | P | VIF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health anxiety | Step 1 | ||||||||||
Age | 0.010 | 0.099 | 0.011 | 0.099 | 0.921 | 1.09 | |||||
Gender | −2.949 | 1.576 | −0.197 | −1.871 | 0.065 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.44 | 0.267 | 1.08 | |
Education status | −0.445 | 0.630 | −0.072 | −0.706 | 0.482 | 1.01 | |||||
Step 2 | |||||||||||
Age | 0.083 | 0.085 | 0.089 | 0.981 | 0.329 | 1.13 | |||||
Gender | −3.249 | 1.331 | −0.217 | −2.441 | 0.017 | 1.09 | |||||
Education status | −1.127 | 0.542 | −0.181 | −2.077 | 0.041 | 0.33 | 0.29 | 20.15 | 0.000 | 1.05 | |
Agency | −1.459 | 0.326 | −0.622 | −4.479 | 0.000 | 2.65 | |||||
Pathway | −0.250 | 0.386 | −0.089 | −0.647 | 0.519 | 2.57 | |||||
Step 3 | |||||||||||
Age | 0.082 | 0.083 | 0.087 | 0.991 | 0.324 | 1.13 | |||||
Gender | −3.606 | 1.308 | −0.241 | −2.758 | 0.007 | 1.11 | |||||
Education status | −1.062 | 0.528 | −0.171 | −2.013 | 0.047 | 1.064 | |||||
Agency | −1.357 | 0.348 | −0.578 | −3.898 | 0.000 | 0.39 | 0.05 | 3.90 | 0.000 | 3.219 | |
Pathway | −0.405 | 0.390 | −0.144 | −1.039 | 0.302 | 2.791 | |||||
Religious spirituality | −0.616 | 0.221 | −0.277 | −2.791 | 0.006 | 1.444 | |||||
Existential spirituality | −0.213 | 0.211 | −0.099 | −1.007 | 0.316 | 1.418 |
Outcomes | Predictors | B | SE | Beta | T | p | R2 | R2 Change | F Change | p | VIF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health anxiety | Step 1 | ||||||||||
Age | 0.010 | 0.099 | 0.011 | 0.099 | 0.921 | 1.09 | |||||
Gender | −2.949 | 1.576 | −0.197 | −1.871 | 0.065 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.44 | 0.267 | 1.08 | |
Education status | −0.445 | 0.630 | −0.072 | −0.706 | 0.482 | 1.01 | |||||
Step 2 | |||||||||||
Age | 0.045 | 0.086 | 0.048 | 0.525 | 0.601 | 1.10 | |||||
Gender | −3.335 | 1.369 | −0.223 | −2.436 | 0.017 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 31.94 | 0.000 | 1.09 | |
Education status | −1.051 | 0.557 | −0.169 | −1.886 | 0.062 | 1.05 | |||||
Hope | −0.686 | 0.121 | 0.506 | −5.651 | 0.000 | 1.05 | |||||
Step 3 | |||||||||||
Age | 0.047 | 0.085 | 0.050 | 0.552 | 00.582 | 1.10 | |||||
Gender | −3.752 | 1.359 | −0.251 | −2.760 | 0.007 | 0.32 | 0.03 | 4.44 | 0.039 | 1.11 | |
Education status | −0.977 | 0.548 | −0.157 | −1.781 | 0.078 | 1.05 | |||||
Hope | −0.572 | 0.131 | −0.422 | −4.373 | 0.000 | 1.26 | |||||
Spiritual well-being | −0.260 | 0.123 | −0.202 | −2.106 | 0.038 | 1.24 |
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Heshmati, R.; Jafari, E.; Salimi Kandeh, T.; Caltabiano, M.L. Associations of Spiritual Well-Being and Hope with Health Anxiety Severity in Patients with Advanced Coronary Artery Disease. Medicina 2021, 57, 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101066
Heshmati R, Jafari E, Salimi Kandeh T, Caltabiano ML. Associations of Spiritual Well-Being and Hope with Health Anxiety Severity in Patients with Advanced Coronary Artery Disease. Medicina. 2021; 57(10):1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101066
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeshmati, Rasoul, Eisa Jafari, Tahereh Salimi Kandeh, and Marie L. Caltabiano. 2021. "Associations of Spiritual Well-Being and Hope with Health Anxiety Severity in Patients with Advanced Coronary Artery Disease" Medicina 57, no. 10: 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101066