The Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients after Myocardial Infarction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics of the Study Sample
3.2. Association between the Prevalence of ED and Its Severity with Age
3.3. Relationship between ED and Other Risk Factors for CVD
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
---|---|
Male | Female |
35–80 years old | <35 and >80 years old |
A prior myocardial infarction in the past 3 months to 5 years | A prior myocardial infarction diagnosed less than 3 months or more than 5 years ago |
No other known oncological, acute infectious, chronic hematologic diseases, thyroid function disorders, and/or thromboembolic events in the past medical history | Known oncological, acute infectious, chronic hematologic diseases, thyroid function disorders, and/or thromboembolic events in the past medical history |
Age Group | Patients (n) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
35–49 | 32 | 18.71 |
50–59 | 71 | 41.52 |
60–69 | 52 | 30.41 |
70–80 | 16 | 9.36 |
Risk Factor | Total Number of Subjects (n) | % of Patients with the Risk Factor Out of Total |
---|---|---|
Arterial hypertension | 171 | 90.1% |
Dyslipidaemia | 171 | 100% |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 171 | 14.6% |
Smoking status:
| 159 159 159 | 23.3% 28.9% 47.8% |
Insufficient physical activity | 132 | 54.5% |
Familial cardiovascular disease history | 126 | 43.7% |
Characteristic | Mean ± SD |
---|---|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.76 ± 17.83 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84.42 ± 10.03 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 67.17 ± 10.92 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.36 ± 1.13 |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.57 ± 0.97 |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.12 ± 0.26 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.56 ± 1.24 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.03 ± 1.48 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 103.85 ± 10.79 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.13 ± 3.89 |
Risk Factor (Total, n) | Patients with ED, n (% of Total with ED) | Patients without ED, n (% of Total without ED) | p-Value 1 |
---|---|---|---|
Arterial hypertension (n = 171) | 99 (94.3) | 55 (83.3) | p = 0.02 |
Dyslipidaemia (n = 171) | 106 (100) | 65 (100) | p = 0.88 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 171) | 18 (17.1) | 7 (10.6) | p = 0.24 |
Obesity (n = 171) | 41 (39.0) | 20 (30.3) | p = 0.25 |
Smoking (n = 159) | 50 (51.5) | 33 (53.2) | p = 0.94 |
Insufficient physical activity (n = 132) | 45 (56.3) | 27 (51.9) | p = 0.63 |
Positive familial history (n = 126) | 39 (50.0) | 16 (33.3) | p = 0.07 |
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Rinkūnienė, E.; Gimžauskaitė, S.; Badarienė, J.; Dženkevičiūtė, V.; Kovaitė, M.; Čypienė, A. The Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients after Myocardial Infarction. Medicina 2021, 57, 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101103
Rinkūnienė E, Gimžauskaitė S, Badarienė J, Dženkevičiūtė V, Kovaitė M, Čypienė A. The Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients after Myocardial Infarction. Medicina. 2021; 57(10):1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101103
Chicago/Turabian StyleRinkūnienė, Egidija, Silvija Gimžauskaitė, Jolita Badarienė, Vilma Dženkevičiūtė, Milda Kovaitė, and Alma Čypienė. 2021. "The Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients after Myocardial Infarction" Medicina 57, no. 10: 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101103