Facts and Challenges about Asthma and COVID-19 among the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Information Sources
2.3. Study Selection and Data Extraction Process
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Characteristics of the Studies
3.3. Decrease in Prevalence of COVID-19 among Paediatric Asthmatic Patients
3.4. Effects of Confinement
3.5. Characteristics of the Paediatric Asthmatic Population
3.6. Pharmacological Treatment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Country | Date of Publication | Type of Study | Variables/Objectives | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ciprandi G et al., 2020 [16] | Italy | September 2020 | Letter to the Editor | n.s. a | Decreased prevalence of asthma in patients with COVID-19. |
Krivec U et al., 2020 [20]. | Slovenia | August 2020 | Observational data analysis | Admissions for asthma andrespiratory infections, NO2 concentration and concentration of particulate matter in the air. | A decrease in the number of admissions for asthma and respiratory infections than other years in children is attributable to improved air quality due to confinement and compliance with safety measures. None of the children admitted were COVID19 positive. |
Muñoz X et al., 2020 [21]. | Spain | n.s. a | Letter to the Editor | n.s. a | Asthma is not associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19. No relationship is found between the dose of inhaled corticosteroids and COVID-19 severity. A decrease in the severity of COVID-19 disease is observed in patients with a Th2 phenotype. |
Morais Almeida M et al., 2020 [22] | n.s. a | June 2020 | Systematic review | In patients with SARS-CoV-2: Asthma, comorbidities, hospitalisation, epidemiology. | Asthmatic children are not at risk for SARS-CoV-2. Inhaled corticosteroids are beneficial in protecting against the current coronavirus, as opposed to systemic corticosteroids. Th2 inflammation may be related to a better prognosis. |
Halpin DMG and Cols, 2020 [23] | n.s. a | April 2020 | Observational data analysis | Prevalence of asthmatic patients with COVID, inhaled corticosteroid use. | The underdiagnosis hypothesis and the modified immune response hypothesis are rejected in favour of inhaled corticosteroids. |
Castro Rodriguez JA et al., 2020 [24] | n.s. a | June 2020 | Systematic review | SARS-CoV-2, wheezing, asthma, children (0–18 years). | We identify an underrepresentation of children in the studies reviewed. Asthmatics could be protected against COVID for various reasons: inhaled corticosteroids, changes in the immune response, or underdiagnosis of this pathology. |
Oreskovic NM et al., 2020 [25] | United States | May 2020 | n.s. a | ED visits by paediatric asthmatic patients, air quality, therapeutic adherence. | Decrease in emergency room visits of paediatric asthmatic patients. |
Chavasse RJ et al., 2020 [26] | United Kingdom | July 2020 | Letter to the Editor | n.s. a | Decreased asthmatic attendance to emergency departments due to therapeutic adherence, improved air quality, and confinement. |
To T et al., 2020 [27] | n.s. a | June 2020 | n.s. a | Proposed actions to address COVID-19 for people with respiratory pathologies. | Decrease in Prevalence ofCOVID19in asthmatics. Proposal for improving the health care of this group. |
Farne H et al., 2020 [28] | United Kingdom | n.s. a | Letter to the Editor | n.s. a | Asthmatic children have a specific phenotype that protects from SARS-CoV-2. |
Papadopoulos NG et al., 2020 [29] | n.s. a | September 2020 | Online survey | To describe the impact of COVID-19 on asthmatic patients and hospital services. | Asthmatic children are notdisproportionately affected. No support for stringent confinement measures in this population. |
Creese H y cols, 2020 [30] | United Kingdom | November 2020 | n.s. a | n.s. a | In favour of inhaled corticosteroids. Rhinoviruses associated with the majority of asthmatic exacerbations. |
Hanon S et al., 2020 [31] | Belgium | n.s. a | Observational study | To evaluate the incidence of COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma. | Asthmatic patients are not at risk of SARS-CoV2. |
Hepkaya E et al., 2020 [32] | Turkey | September 2020 | Population survey | To assess the current status of asthmatics during the pandemic. | Evidence in favour of decreased prevalence of COVID19 in the asthmatic population and the beneficial use of inhaled corticosteroids. |
Kabesch M, 2020 [33] | Germany | July 2020 | Letter to the Editor | n.s. a | There is no justification for extreme safety measures in asthmatic children. |
Abrams EM et al., 2020 [34] | n.s. a | September 2020 | State-of-the-art | Paediatric asthma review and COVID-19. | A lower concentration of ACE2 receptors protects asthmatics. Impact of socialdeterminants. Support for treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Extreme safety measures are not justified. |
Camiolo M et al., 2020 [35] | United States | May 2020 | Cohort Study | Use of various clinical parameters relevant to the study of ACE2 receptors. | Increased ACE2 receptors are associated with a worse prognosis. |
Ruano FJ et al., 2020 [36] | Spain | October 2020 | n.s. a | n.s. a | Asthmatic children have milder forms of COVID-19 disease. |
Schultze A et al., 2020 [37] | United Kingdom | September 2020 | Cohort Study | Patients with asthma or COPD, treatment with corticoids or longacting Beta agonists or LAMA/LABA. | Increased mortality was found in patients taking inhaled corticosteroids, attributed to confounding variables. |
Location/Name of Study | Country | Results |
---|---|---|
South Lombardy and Liguria Hospitals [16]. | Italy | Of 52 paediatric patients, only 1 had asthma (2%). |
Ljubljana Children’s Hospital [20] | Slovenia | 71% to 78% decrease in asthma admissions compared to previous years. |
Servei de Pneumologia Hospital Valld’Hebron [21] | Spain | Of 2226 hospitalised patients, only 3.2% were asthmatic. |
Children’s Hospital, Wuhan [24] | China | Of 171 paediatric patients with COVID, none were asthmatic. |
Hubei Province [40] | China | Of 25 paediatric patients with COVID, none were asthmatic. |
Confidence Study [38] | Italy | Of 100 paediatric patients with COVID, none were asthmatic. |
COVID-19 in Children [41] | USA | Asthma was the most frequent comorbidity. |
Massachusetts General Hospital [8,25] | USA | The number of emergency department visits by asthmatic patients decreased by 38.8% and 84.8% during March and April 2020, respectively. |
St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust [26] | United Kingdom | 90% decrease in asthma admissions. |
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Moreno-Sánchez, E.; Castillo-Viera, E.; Vélez-Moreno, E.; Gago-Valiente, F.-J. Facts and Challenges about Asthma and COVID-19 among the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Literature Review. Medicina 2021, 57, 1306. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57121306
Moreno-Sánchez E, Castillo-Viera E, Vélez-Moreno E, Gago-Valiente F-J. Facts and Challenges about Asthma and COVID-19 among the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Literature Review. Medicina. 2021; 57(12):1306. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57121306
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoreno-Sánchez, Emilia, Estefanía Castillo-Viera, Emilia Vélez-Moreno, and Francisco-Javier Gago-Valiente. 2021. "Facts and Challenges about Asthma and COVID-19 among the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Literature Review" Medicina 57, no. 12: 1306. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57121306