Acute Clinical Syndromes and Suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Experience of a Single Romanian Center in the Early Pandemic Period
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Chronic Underlying Diseasesin Patients Suspected to Have COVID-19
3.2. Clinical Symptoms and Signs in Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19
3.3. Biological Changes in Patients Suspected to Have COVID-19
3.4. CT Changes in Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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|
Chronic Diseases | SARS-CoV-2 POS (n = 20) | SARS-CoV-2 NEG (n = 233) | p-Value for Chi2 Test | RR | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||||
Obesity | 5 | 25.0 | 51 | 21.9 | 0.751 | 1.17POS | 0.45–3.09 |
Diabetes mellitus | 4 | 20.0 | 50 | 21.5 | 0.878 | 1.01NEG | 0.92–1.10 |
Hypertension | 10 | 50.0 | 111 | 47.6 | 0.839 | 1.09POS | 0.47–2.53 |
Chronic coronary syndrome | 4 | 20.0 | 68 | 29.2 | 0.367 | 1.04NEG | 0.96–1.11 |
Chronic heart failure | 3 | 15.0 | 106 | 45.5 | 0.005 | 1.10NEG | 1.03–1.18 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1 | 5.0 | 64 | 27.5 | 0.011 | 1.10NEG | 1.04–1.16 |
Venous thromboembolism | 3 | 15.0 | 10 | 4.3 | 0.037 | 3.26POS | 1.09–9.72 |
COPD | 0 | 0.0 | 31 | 13.3 | 0.019 | 1.10NEG | 1.05–1.15 |
Pulmonary fibrosis | 3 | 15.0 | 43 | 18.5 | 0.694 | 1.02NEG | 0.93–1.11 |
Liver cirrhosis | 1 | 5.0 | 32 | 13.7 | 0.215 | 1.07NEG | 0.99–1.14 |
Chronic kidney disease | 2 | 10.0 | 56 | 24.0 | 0.120 | 1.06NEG | 1.00–1.14 |
Bronchial asthma | 1 | 5.0 | 6 | 2.6 | 0.564 | 1.85POS | 0.29–11.9 |
Bronchiectasis | 1 | 5.0 | 20 | 8.6 | 0.552 | 1.04NEG | 0.94–1.15 |
Lung cancer | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 1.3 | 0.315 | 1.09NEG | 1.05–1.13 |
Chronic hepatitis | 3 | 15.0 | 36 | 15.5 | 0.957 | 1.01NEG | 0.91–1.11 |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 1.3 | 0.484 | 1.09NEG | 1.05–1.13 |
Peptic ulcer | 0 | 0.0 | 10 | 4.3 | 0.195 | 1.09NEG | 1.05–1.13 |
Digestive cancer | 0 | 0.0 | 12 | 5.2 | 0.099 | 1.09NEG | 1.05–1.14 |
Clinical Characteristic | SARS-CoV-2 POS (n = 20) | SARS-CoV-2 NEG (n = 233) | p-Value for Chi2 Test | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||||
History of fever at home | 12 | 60.0 | 74 | 31.8 | 0.013 | 3.22 | 1.26–8.22 |
Fever at presentation | 5 | 25.0 | 43 | 18.5 | 0.488 | 1.47 | 0.51–4.27 |
Asthenia | 7 | 35.0 | 64 | 27.5 | 0.481 | 1.42 | 0.54–3.32 |
Headache | 4 | 20.0 | 24 | 10.3 | 0.222 | 2.18 | 0.67–7.05 |
Dry cough | 12 | 60.0 | 79 | 33.9 | 0.023 | 2.92 | 1.15–7.45 |
Sputum production | 3 | 15.0 | 34 | 14.6 | 0.961 | 1.03 | 0.29–3.72 |
Chest pain | 6 | 30.0 | 47 | 20.2 | 0.320 | 1.70 | 0.62–4.65 |
Dyspnea | 7 | 35.0 | 132 | 56.7 | 0.050 | 0.41 | 0.16–1.07 |
Myalgias | 7 | 35.0 | 19 | 8.2 | 0.002 | 6.07 | 2.16–17.0 |
Dysphonia | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 3.0 | 0.279 | - | - |
Sore throat | 3 | 15.0 | 9 | 3.9 | 0.025 | 4.39 | 1.09–17.8 |
Anosmia (loss of smell) | 1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.024 | - | - |
Dysgeusia (loss of taste) | 1 | 5.0 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.113 | 12.2 | 0.74–203.0 |
Nausea | 2 | 10.0 | 15 | 6.4 | 0.565 | 1.62 | 0.34–7.62 |
Vomiting | 2 | 10.0 | 19 | 8.2 | 0.780 | 1.25 | 0.27–5.81 |
Abdominal pain | 4 | 20.0 | 82 | 35.2 | 0.151 | 0.46 | 0.15–1.42 |
Diarrhea | 4 | 20.0 | 30 | 12.9 | 0.395 | 1.69 | 0.53–5.40 |
Loss of appetite | 3 | 15.0 | 10 | 4.3 | 0.037 | 3.94 | 0.99–15.7 |
Arthralgia | 1 | 5.0 | 11 | 4.7 | 0.955 | 1.06 | 0.13–8.67 |
Evolution and Hospitalization | SARS-CoV-2 POS (n = 20) | SARS-CoV-2 NEG (n = 233) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |
Discharged improved | - | - | 207 | 81.8 |
Transferred to Infectious Disease Hospital | 20 | 7.9 | - | - |
Admitted to ICU | 0 | 0.0 | 17 | 6.7 |
Deceased | 0 | 0.0 | 26 | 10.3 |
Characteristic | SARS-CoV-2 POS (n = 20) | SARS-CoV-2 NEG (n = 233) | p-Value (SARS-CoV-2 POS vs. SARS-CoV-2 NEG) |
---|---|---|---|
Decreased absolute value of lymphocyte count (˂1000/mm3), N (%) | 12 (60.0%) | 176 (75.5%) | 0.121 |
Increased CRP (˃0.5 mg/dL), N (%) | 15 (75.0%) | 177 (76.0%) | 0.814 |
Increased D-dimer (˃5 mcg/mL), N (%) | 1 (5.0%) | 35 (15.0%) | 0.459 |
Increased LDH (˃214 IU/L), N (%) | 7 (35.0%) | 77 (33.0%) | 0.893 |
Increased CKMB (˃25 IU/L), N (%) | 3 (15.0%) | 53 (22.8%) | 0.709 |
Increased troponin (˃29 ng/L), N (%) | 4 (20.0%) | 56 (24.0%) | 0.323 |
Increased ferritin (˃300 ng/mL), N (%) | 3 (15.0%) | 38 (16.3%) | 0.130 |
CT Changes | SARS-CoV-2 POS (n = 20) | SARS-CoV-2 NEG (n = 233) | p-Value for Chi2 Test | RR | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||||
Ground-glass opacities | 9 | 45.0 | 34 | 14.6 | 0.002 | 3.99POS | 1.76–12.4 |
Consolidationaspects | 1 | 5.0 | 33 | 14.2 | 0.197 | 1.06NEG | 0.99–1.14 |
Ground-glass opacities + consolidation | 5 | 25.0 | 57 | 24.5 | 0.957 | 1.03POS | 0.92–1.09 |
Variables | Univariate Logistic Regression | Multivariate Logistic Regression | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Venous thromboembolism | 3.935 | 1.001–15.66 | 0.037 | 2.553 | 1.084–5.133 | 0.003 |
History of fever at home | 3.223 | 1.264–8.219 | 0.013 | |||
Dry cough | 2.920 | 1.151–7.450 | 0.023 | |||
Myalgia | 6.072 | 2.162–17.02 | 0.002 | 1.886 | 1.744–5.727 | 0.005 |
Sore throat | 4.390 | 1.091–17.80 | 0.025 | |||
Loss of appetite | 3.943 | 0.999–15.70 | 0.037 | 1.696 | 1.058–5.097 | 0.043 |
GGO on CT scan | 4.320 | 1.617–11.54 | 0.002 | 1.671 | 1.640–4.749 | 0.005 |
Variables | AUC | 95% CI | p-Value | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
History of fever at home | 0.641 | 0.512–0.771 | 0.036 | 65.0 | 62.0 |
Dry cough | 0.630 | 0.501–0.760 | 0.050 | 65.0 | 60.0 |
Myalgia | 0.634 | 0.491–0.778 | 0.046 | 75.0 | 45.0 |
Sore throat | 0.556 | 0.415–0.697 | 0.409 | 55.0 | 52.0 |
Anosmia | 0.525 | 0.388–0.662 | 0.711 | 52.0 | 50.0 |
Loss of appetite | 0.554 | 0.412–0.694 | 0.427 | 55.0 | 51.0 |
GGO on CT scan | 0.652 | 0.513–0.791 | 0.024 | 85.0 | 45.0 |
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Haliga, R.E.; Sorodoc, V.; Lionte, C.; Petris, O.R.; Bologa, C.; Coman, A.E.; Vata, L.G.; Puha, G.; Dumitrescu, G.; Sirbu, O.; et al. Acute Clinical Syndromes and Suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Experience of a Single Romanian Center in the Early Pandemic Period. Medicina 2021, 57, 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020121
Haliga RE, Sorodoc V, Lionte C, Petris OR, Bologa C, Coman AE, Vata LG, Puha G, Dumitrescu G, Sirbu O, et al. Acute Clinical Syndromes and Suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Experience of a Single Romanian Center in the Early Pandemic Period. Medicina. 2021; 57(2):121. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020121
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaliga, Raluca Ecaterina, Victorita Sorodoc, Catalina Lionte, Ovidiu Rusalim Petris, Cristina Bologa, Adorata Elena Coman, Luminita Gina Vata, Gabriela Puha, Gabriela Dumitrescu, Oana Sirbu, and et al. 2021. "Acute Clinical Syndromes and Suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Experience of a Single Romanian Center in the Early Pandemic Period" Medicina 57, no. 2: 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020121