Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Database Analysis of a Cohort Using Telemedicine Support for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose over a 10-Year-Long Period
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Basic Characteristics of the Cohort and Frequency of Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia
3.2. Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia in Different Age Groups
3.3. Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia according to the Type of Diabetes
3.4. Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Different Treatment Strategies
3.5. Retest (Control Measurement) after the First Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia
4. Discussion
4.1. Frequency of Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia
4.2. Age Groups
4.3. Type of Diabetes
4.4. Antihyperglycaemic Treatment
4.5. Retest after Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia
4.6. Limitations of the Study
4.7. Prevention of Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number of Nocturnal Hypoglycaemic Values (n) | Females n (%) | Males n (%) | Total n (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 228 (26.1) | 402 (27.0) | 630 (26.7) |
2–9 | 418 (47.9) | 688 (46.2) | 1106 (46.8) |
10–49 | 193 (22.1) | 340 (22.8) | 533 (22.6) |
50–99 | 24 (2.7) | 45 (3.0) | 69 (2.9) |
100–199 | 9 (1.0) | 14 (0.9) | 23 (1.0) |
≥200 | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) |
Total | 873 (100.0) | 1490 (100.0) | 2363 (100.0) |
Age-Groups (Years) | Females n (%) | Males n (%) | Total n (%) |
---|---|---|---|
<10.0 | 115 (13.2) | 129 (8.7) | 244 (10.3) |
10.0–19.9 | 196 (22.5) | 285 (19.1) | 481 (20.4) |
20.0–29.9 | 153 (17.5) | 194 (13.0) | 347 (14.7) |
30.0–39.9 | 151 (17.3) | 261 (17.5) | 412 (17.4) |
40.0–49.9 | 92 (10.5) | 234 (15.7) | 326 (13.8) |
50.0–59.9 | 78 (8.9) | 191 (12.8) | 269 (11.4) |
60.0–69.9 | 53 (6.1) | 147 (9.9) | 200 (8.5) |
70.0–79.9 | 30 (3.4) | 41 (2.8) | 71 (3.0) |
≥80.0 | 5 (0.6) | 8 (0.5) | 13 (0.6) |
Total | 873 (100.0) | 1490 (100.0) | 2363 (100.0) |
Age at Diabetes Manifestation (Years) | Females n (%) | Males n (%) | Total n (%) |
---|---|---|---|
<5 | 94 (11.7) | 117 (9.0) | 211 (10.0) |
5–9 | 173 (21.6) | 182 (14.0) | 355 (16.9) |
10–19 | 213 (26.6) | 349 (26.8) | 562 (26.7) |
20–29 | 126 (15.7) | 221 (16.9) | 347 (16.5) |
30–39 | 100 (12.5) | 186 (14.3) | 286 (13.6) |
40–49 | 52 (6.5) | 153 (11.7) | 205 (9.7) |
50–59 | 34 (4.2) | 62 (14.0) | 96 (4.6) |
≥60 | 10 (1.2) | 34 (2.6) | 44 (2.1) |
Total * | 802 (100.0) | 1304 (100.0) | 2106 (100.0) |
Antidiabetic Treatment | Patients n (%) | Blood Glucose Values, n (%) | Blood Glucose, Interquartile Ranges (mmol/L) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | 25% | 50% | 75% | Max | |||
Diet only | 36 (1.5) | 641 (2.6) | 0.6 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
Oral drugs | 37 (1.6) | 60 (0.3) | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 2.9 |
Oral drugs + insulin | 209 (8.8) | 1405 (5.7) | 0.6 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
Insulin | 1854 (78.5) | 20,727 (84.1) | 0.6 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
Injectables, non-insulin | 6 (0.3) | 12 (0.1) | 0.6 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
Not known | 221 (9.3) | 1778 (7.2) | 0.6 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
Total | 2363 (100.0) | 24,623 (100.0) | 0.6 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
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Jermendy, G.; Kecskes, A.; Nagy, A. Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Database Analysis of a Cohort Using Telemedicine Support for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose over a 10-Year-Long Period. Medicina 2021, 57, 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020167
Jermendy G, Kecskes A, Nagy A. Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Database Analysis of a Cohort Using Telemedicine Support for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose over a 10-Year-Long Period. Medicina. 2021; 57(2):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020167
Chicago/Turabian StyleJermendy, Gyorgy, Agnes Kecskes, and Attila Nagy. 2021. "Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Database Analysis of a Cohort Using Telemedicine Support for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose over a 10-Year-Long Period" Medicina 57, no. 2: 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020167