The Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Norfloxacin for Secondary Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis—A Real Life Cohort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Clostridioides Difficile Infection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | All Patients n = 122 | Patients with CDI n = 23 | Patients without CDI N = 99 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, Mean ± SD | 57.5 ± 10.8 | 57.8 ± 11.8 | 57.4 ± 10.7 | 0.874 |
Mean follow-up, months, Median, (IQR) | 7 (2–15) | 7 (2.5–15.5) | 7 (2–14.5) | 0.638 |
Gender, male, n (%) | 80 (65.5) | 20 (86.9) | 60 (60.6) | 0.017 |
Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%) | 0.030 | |||
Alcohol | 77 (63.1) | 18 (78.3) | 59 (59.6) | |
HBV | 26 (21.3) | 5 (21.7) | 21 (21.2) | |
HCV | 19 (15.6) | 0 (0) | 19 (19.2) | |
Child-Pugh class, n (%) | 0.045 | |||
B | 37 (30.3) | 3 (13.1) | 34 (34.3) | |
C | 85 (69.7) | 20 (86.9) | 65 (65.7) | |
Child-Pugh score, Median, (IQR) | 10 (9–12) | 12 (10–12.5) | 10 (9–12) | 0.016 |
MELD, Mean ± SD | 19.7 ± 6.1 | 21.6 ± 7.9 | 19.3 ± 5.5 | 0.095 |
Grade 3 ascites, n (%) | 76 (62.3) | 18 (78.2) | 58 (58.6) | 0.079 |
ALT, UI/L, Median, (IQR) | 33 (24–65) | 44 (31–66) | 32 (24–63) | 0.290 |
Platelets × 105, Median, (IQR) | 118 (78–142) | 100 (76–128) | 122 (79–144) | 0.046 |
INR, Median, (IQR) | 1.62 (1.4–1.95) | 1.9 (1.47–2.36) | 1.6 (1.38–1.9) | 0.059 |
Total bilirubine, mg/dl, Median, (IQR) | 4.2 (1.79–7.72) | 7.28 (2.18–8.44) | 4.06 (1.79–7.08) | 0.203 |
Albumin g/dl, Median, (IQR) | 2.19 (1.93–2.77) | 2.26 (1.98–2.9) | 2.17 (1.9–2.7) | 0.282 |
Creatinine mg/dl, Median, (IQR) | 0.79 (0.64–1.22) | 0.81 (0.76–1.53) | 0.77 (0.63–1.18) | 0.211 |
CRP, g/dl, Median, (IQR) | 2.9 (1.8–6.7) | 2.7 (2.1–7.9) | 2.9 (1.7–6.1) | 0.736 |
SBP recurrence, n (%) | 18 (14.8) | 6 (26.1) | 12 (12.1) | 0.089 |
Death, n (%) | 66 (54.1) | 14 (60.8) | 52 (52.5) | 0.496 |
PPIs, n (%) | 26 (21.3) | 5 (21.7) | 21 (21.2) | 0.956 |
BBs, n (%) | 88 (72.1) | 18 (78.2) | 70 (70.7) | 0.467 |
Rifaximin, n (%) | 104 (85.2) | 20 (86.9) | 84 (84.8) | 0.797 |
Number of admissions during follow-up, Mean ± SD | 2.27 ± 1.48 | 1.91 ± 1.41 | 2.36 ± 1.50 | 0.192 |
Antibiotic treatment during follow-up, n (%) | 12 (9.8) | 2 (8.7) | 10 (10.1) | 0.838 |
Total proteins ascites, Median, (IQR) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.46) | 1.1 (0.8–1.65) | 0.760 |
Parameter | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95%CI | p-Value | HR | 95%CI | p-Value | |
Alcoholic etiology | 1.38 | 1.082–1.775 | 0.030 | 3.18 2.50 | 1.104–2.441 1.257–3.850 | 0.029 0.034 |
Child-Pugh C class | 1.32 | 1.070–1.639 | 0.033 | |||
Age > 65 years | 1.23 | 0.558–2.715 | 0.615 | |||
Males | 1.43 | 1.147–1.795 | 0.011 | |||
Grade 3 ascites | 1.33 | 1.018–1.753 | 0.045 | |||
Comorbidities | 0.56 | 0.273–1.153 | 0.069 | |||
Ascitic liquid proteins < 1.5 g/L | 1.01 | 0.724–1.406 | 0.959 | |||
Rifaximin | 1.02 | 0.857–1.226 | 0.795 | |||
PPIs | 1.10 | 0.862–1.421 | 0.458 |
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Girleanu, I.; Trifan, A.; Huiban, L.; Muzica, C.; Nemteanu, R.; Teodorescu, A.; Singeap, A.M.; Cojocariu, C.; Chiriac, S.; Petrea, O.; et al. The Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Norfloxacin for Secondary Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis—A Real Life Cohort. Medicina 2021, 57, 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090964
Girleanu I, Trifan A, Huiban L, Muzica C, Nemteanu R, Teodorescu A, Singeap AM, Cojocariu C, Chiriac S, Petrea O, et al. The Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Norfloxacin for Secondary Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis—A Real Life Cohort. Medicina. 2021; 57(9):964. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090964
Chicago/Turabian StyleGirleanu, Irina, Anca Trifan, Laura Huiban, Cristina Muzica, Roxana Nemteanu, Andreea Teodorescu, Ana Maria Singeap, Camelia Cojocariu, Stefan Chiriac, Oana Petrea, and et al. 2021. "The Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Norfloxacin for Secondary Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis—A Real Life Cohort" Medicina 57, no. 9: 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090964