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Volume 58
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Article

Prognostic Abilities of Pre- and Post-Treatment Inflammatory Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Stepwise Modelling

by
Sarah Sabrina Zakaria
1,
Anand Ramanathan
1,2,*,
Zakiah Mat Ripen
1,*,
Wan Maria Nabillah Ghani
2,
Yi-Hsin Yang
3,
Vui King Vincent-Chong
4 and
Siti Mazlipah Ismail
1,2
1
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
2
Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
3
National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
4
Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2022, 58(10), 1426; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101426
Submission received: 25 August 2022 / Revised: 1 October 2022 / Accepted: 5 October 2022 / Published: 10 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Head and Neck Oncology: From Precise Surgery to Precision Medicine and Surgery)
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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Studies examining the importance of inflammatory markers before treatment as prognosticators of OSCC are available, but information on post-therapy inflammatory markers and their prognostic significance is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic abilities of pre- and post-treatment inflammatory markers in patients with OSCC. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, information on 151 OSCC patients’ socio-demographic, clinico-pathological, recurrence, metastasis, and survival data were gathered from clinical records. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression (stepwise model) was conducted to identify the prognostic predictors of OS and DFS. The multivariable models’ performances were evaluated using Harrell’s concordance statistics. Results: For OS, high pre-treatment LMR (HR 3.06, 95%CI 1.56, 5.99), and high post-treatment PLC (HR 3.35, 95%CI 1.71, 6.54) and PLR (HR 5.26, 95%CI 2.62, 10.58) were indicative of a poor prognosis. For DFS, high pre-treatment SII (HR 2.59, 95%CI 1.50, 4.48) and high post-treatment PLC (HR 1.92, 95%CI 1.11, 3.32) and PLR (HR 3.44, 95%CI 1.98, 5.07) were associated with increased mortality. The fitness of the OS and DFS stepwise Cox regression models were proven with a time-dependent AUC of 0.8787 and 0.8502, respectively. Conclusions: High pre-treatment levels of LMR and SII and high post-treatment levels of PLC and PLR are independent predictors of a poor prognosis for patients with OSCC.
Keywords: inflammatory markers; oral squamous cell carcinoma; prognosis; overall survival; disease-free survival inflammatory markers; oral squamous cell carcinoma; prognosis; overall survival; disease-free survival

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zakaria, S.S.; Ramanathan, A.; Mat Ripen, Z.; Ghani, W.M.N.; Yang, Y.-H.; Vincent-Chong, V.K.; Ismail, S.M. Prognostic Abilities of Pre- and Post-Treatment Inflammatory Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Stepwise Modelling. Medicina 2022, 58, 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101426

AMA Style

Zakaria SS, Ramanathan A, Mat Ripen Z, Ghani WMN, Yang Y-H, Vincent-Chong VK, Ismail SM. Prognostic Abilities of Pre- and Post-Treatment Inflammatory Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Stepwise Modelling. Medicina. 2022; 58(10):1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101426

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zakaria, Sarah Sabrina, Anand Ramanathan, Zakiah Mat Ripen, Wan Maria Nabillah Ghani, Yi-Hsin Yang, Vui King Vincent-Chong, and Siti Mazlipah Ismail. 2022. "Prognostic Abilities of Pre- and Post-Treatment Inflammatory Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Stepwise Modelling" Medicina 58, no. 10: 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101426

APA Style

Zakaria, S. S., Ramanathan, A., Mat Ripen, Z., Ghani, W. M. N., Yang, Y.-H., Vincent-Chong, V. K., & Ismail, S. M. (2022). Prognostic Abilities of Pre- and Post-Treatment Inflammatory Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Stepwise Modelling. Medicina, 58(10), 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101426

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