Risk Factors for Feeding and Swallowing Disorders in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Their Second Year of Life
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Questionnaire
2.2. Medical Documentation
2.3. Participants
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Deficiencies of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean/Standard Deviation/Range or n (%) |
---|---|
Multiple pregnancy, n (%) | 30 (25.6%) |
Gestational age at birth, wks | 27.79/2.43/22–34 |
Gestational age at birth less than 28 weeks, n (%) | 54 (46.2%) |
Caesarean delivery, n (%) | 64 (54.7%) |
Birth weight, g | 1014.99/264.78/370–1500 |
Percentile of birth weight | 37.12/19.82/1–85 |
Birth weight equal or less than 1000 g, n (%) | 57 (48.7%) |
Birth length, cm | 35.63/3.36/24–42 |
Percentile of birth length | 50.85/27.39/1–97 |
Ponderal index | 2.21/0.33/1.63–3.77 |
Intubation and respiratory support needed, n (%) | 49 (41.9%) |
Non-invasive ventilation needed, n (%) | 82 (70.1%) |
Oxygen supplementation needed, n (%) | 88 (75.2%) |
Brain lesion detected by ultrasound examination, n (%) | 29 (24.8%) |
Phototherapy for jaundice, n (%) | 73 (62.4%) |
Parenteral feeding needed, n (%) | 113 (96.6%) |
Tube feeding needed, n (%) | 117 (100%) |
Gestational age at start of per oral feeding, wks | 34.51/1.18/32–40 |
Gestational age more than 34 weeks at start of per oral feeding, n (%) | 46 (39.3%) |
Weight at discharge from the maternity hospital, g | 2242.59/458.73/1430–4500 |
FSD documented after discharge from the maternity hospital, n (%) | 32 (27.35%) |
Percentile of weight at last follow-up visit | 27.91/23.28/1–90 |
Decrease in weight percentile from normal at birth to below 10th percentile at the last follow-up visit, n (%) | 28 (23.9%) |
Denver Developmental Screening test II. | |
| 5 (4.3%) |
| 5 (4.3%) |
| 18 (15.4%) |
Variable | VLBW Children with FSD n = 32 | VLBW Children without FSD n = 85 | p |
---|---|---|---|
General birth variables | |||
Male gender, n | 14 (43.8%) | 38 (44.7%) | 0.926 |
Gestational age at birth, wks, M ± SD | 26.59 ± 3.03 | 28.25 ± 2.00 | 0.007 |
Birth weight, g | 874.13 ± 289.21 | 1068.02 ± 235.67 | 0.001 * |
Percentile of birth weight, M ± SD | 33.68 ± 19.09 | 38.42 ± 20.06 | 0.300 * |
Birth length, cm, M ± SD | 33.48 ± 3.67 | 36.65 ± 3.37 | 0.000 |
Percentile of birth length, M ± SD | 48.31 ± 27.08 | 52.55 ± 27.48 | 0.303 * |
Multiple pregnancy, n (%) | 7 (21.9%) | 23 (27.1%) | 0.567 |
Caesarean delivery, n (%) | 17 (53.1%) | 47 (55.3%) | 0.834 |
Possible predicting factors for FSD | |||
Gestational age less than 28 weeks, n (%) | 21 (65.6%) | 33 (38.8%) | 0.010 |
Birth weight equal or less than 1000 g, n (%) | 23 (71.9%) | 34 (40%) | 0.002 |
Birth weight below 10th centile, n (%) | 8 (25%) | 12 (14.1%) | 0.352 |
Birth length below 10th centile, n (%) | 5 (15.6%) | 7 (8.2%) | 0.240 |
Birth length below 33 cm, n (%) | 14 (43.8%) | 9 (10.6%) | 0.000 |
Ponderal index, M ± SD | 2.28 ± 0.38 | 2.17 ± 0.35 | 0.211 |
Intubation and respiratory support needed, n (%) | 18 (56.3%) | 31 (36.5%) | 0.053 |
Noninvasive ventilation needed, n (%) | 26 (81.3%) | 56 (65.9%) | 0.123 |
Oxygen supplementation needed, n (%) | 27 (84.4%) | 61 (71.8%) | 0.186 |
Brain lesion detected by ultrasound examination, n (%) | 9 (28.1%) | 20 (23.5%) | 0.608 |
Phototherapy for jaundice, n (%) | 20 (62.5%) | 53 (62.4%) | 0.988 |
Gestational age at start of per oral feeding, wks, M ± SD | 35.16 ± 1.65 | 33.85 ± 3.85 | 0.064 |
Gestational age more than 34 weeks at start of per oral feeding, n (%) | 18 (56.3%) | 28 (32.9%) | 0.024 |
Breastfeeding, n (%) | 3 (9.4%) | 20 (23.5%) | 0.118 ** |
Weight at discharge from the maternity hospital, g, M ± SD | 2370.31 ± 524.55 | 2193.81 ± 424.38 | 0.064 |
Variable | VLBW Children with FSD n = 32 | VLBW Children without FSD n = 85 | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age at the last follow-up visit, ms, M ± SD | 24.88 ± 2.47 | 23.76 ± 1.5 | 0.311 |
Abnormal oral sensitivity, n (%) | 9 (28.1%) | 10 (11.8%) | 0.032 |
Weight percentile at the last follow-up visit, M ± SD | 8.72 ± 13.13 | 35.28 ± 22.03 | 0.000 |
Weight drops from above the 10th percentile at birth to below the 10th percentile at the last follow-up visit, n (%) | 19 (59.4%) | 9 (10.6%) | 0.000 |
Language development disorders (DDST II), n (%) | 12 (37.5%) | 12 (14.1%) | 0.05 |
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Slana, N.; Hočevar-Boltežar, I.; Kornhauser-Cerar, L. Risk Factors for Feeding and Swallowing Disorders in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Their Second Year of Life. Medicina 2022, 58, 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58111536
Slana N, Hočevar-Boltežar I, Kornhauser-Cerar L. Risk Factors for Feeding and Swallowing Disorders in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Their Second Year of Life. Medicina. 2022; 58(11):1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58111536
Chicago/Turabian StyleSlana, Nuša, Irena Hočevar-Boltežar, and Lilijana Kornhauser-Cerar. 2022. "Risk Factors for Feeding and Swallowing Disorders in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Their Second Year of Life" Medicina 58, no. 11: 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58111536
APA StyleSlana, N., Hočevar-Boltežar, I., & Kornhauser-Cerar, L. (2022). Risk Factors for Feeding and Swallowing Disorders in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Their Second Year of Life. Medicina, 58(11), 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58111536