Clinical Assessment of the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Efficacy in Mild to Moderate Periodontal Affections: A Simple Randomised Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
- -
- Oral health index (OHI-S): at the presentation, the patients of both groups had only values of 1, 2, and 3 in OHI-S score, without value 0; in the second clinical examination, we found that OHI-S scores were reduced in both study groups (HBOT and control), because of SRP treatment, but probably also as a result of patient awareness in the need for correct oral hygiene through brushing exercises (initially done at the clinic, until all patients have acquired the correct technique), respectively, by revealing the bacterial plaque (performed at each presentation of the patient in the practice); at the second and third determination, we found that the OHI-S decreased in the patients of both groups, to 0, 1, and 2; and in the third assessment, the OHI-S values were lower in the first group (which benefited from HBOT) compared to the control group. In Figure 4, the patient distribution based on OHI-S index, are presented at the first (a), second (b), and third (c) examination.
- -
- Sulcus bleeding index (SBI): at their presentation, the patients of both groups had only values of 1, 2, 3, and 4 in SBI score, without value 0; in second clinical examination we found that SBI scores were significantly reduced in both study groups (HBOT and control), because of the same reasons (SRP treatment, correct teeth brushing); at the second and third determination, we found that the SBI scores decreased in the patients of both groups; and in third assessment, the SBI values were lower in the first group (HBOT) compared to the control group. In Figure 5, the patient distribution based on SBI index at first (a), second (b), and third (c) examination are depicted.
- -
- Dental mobility (DM): We found that the DM has diminished in both groups; at the presentation all of patients had I-st and II-nd degree dental mobility; in the other two clinical examinations, we found that DM was reduced till physiological mobility, especially in patients who received HBO adjuvant therapy. Figure 6 depicts the patient distribution based on DM index at first (a), second (b), and third (c) examination.
- -
- Pockets depth (PD): the measurements were effectuated with the periodontal probe and registered in the patients’ record; we found that the PD values were reduced in both groups of patients in the second and third clinical examination, but the reduction of PD was more significant in patients belonging to the HBOT group. In Figure 7, the patient distribution based on PD index at first (a), second (b), and third (c) examination is presented.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group 1 | Group 2 | |
---|---|---|
No of patients | 31 | 40 |
Age (mean ± years) | 48.5 ± 10.5 | 48.5 ± 10.5 |
Gender M/F | 16/15 | 21/19 |
Confirmed periodontal disease | Mild to moderate | Mild to moderate |
Inclusion Criteria |
---|
Male and female patients between 38 and 59 years of age |
Non-smokers |
Having at least 6 natural teeth on a half dental arch, excluding third molars |
Periodontal symptomatology/confirmed diagnosis of moderate periodontal disease |
Patient’s acceptance to participate in the study, with signed informed consent |
Exclusion Criteria | |
---|---|
Smoker patients | Hereditary spherocytosis |
Maximum scores of all studied periodontal indices | Fever |
Periodontal treatment and antibiotic therapy in the last six months | Claustrophobia |
Aggressive periodontitis | Convulsions |
Endodontic affections | Cardiac simulators |
Orthodontic patients | Implanted or external devices that control body functions |
Infections | Pregnancy |
Systemic disorders | Hospitalized patients |
Upper respiratory and pulmonary disorders | Patients with mental disability |
Cataract | Uncooperative patients |
Eustachian tube dysfunction | Patients who refused to be included in the study |
Selected Patients (71) | Group I HBOT 31 Patients | Group II Control 40 Patients | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
First clinical examination, at patients presentation | Oral health index (OHI-S) | Score 0 | - | - |
Score 1 | 3 (=9.67%) | 5 (=12.50%) | ||
Score 2 | 12 (=38.40%) | 17 (=42.50%) | ||
Score 3 | 16 (=51.61%) | 18 (=45.00%) | ||
Sulcus bleeding index (SBI) | Score 0 | - | - | |
Score 1 | 2 (=6.45%) | 3 (=7.50%) | ||
Score 2 | 5 (=16.12%) | 7 (=17.50%) | ||
Score 3 | 17 (=54.83%) | 21 (=52.50%) | ||
Score 4 | 7 (=22.58%) | 9 (=22.50%) | ||
Dental mobility degree (DM) | 0-Physiological mobility | - | - | |
1st degree mobility | 15 (=48.38%) | 19 (=47.50%) | ||
2nd degree mobility | 16 (=51.61%) | 21 (=52.50%) | ||
Pockets depth (PD) | Normal | - | - | |
Early/mild periodontitis | 12 (=38.40%) | 15 (=37.50%) | ||
Moderate periodontitis | 19 (=61.29%) | 25 (=62.50%) | ||
Second clinical examination of both groups patients, at 1 week after the finalization of periodontal treatments | Oral health index (OHI-S) | Score 0 | 4 (=12.90%) | 6 (=15.00%) |
Score 1 | 8 (=25.80%) | 11 (=27.50%) | ||
Score 2 | 10 (=32.25%) | 12 (=30.00%) | ||
Score 3 | 9 (=29.03%) | 11 (=27.50%) | ||
Sulcus bleeding index (SBI) | Score 0 | 3 (=9.67%) | 5 (=12.50%) | |
Score 1 | 5 (=16.12%) | 7 (=17.50%) | ||
Score 2 | 7 (=22.58%) | 9 (=22.50%) | ||
Score 3 | 14 (=45.16%) | 16 (=40.00%) | ||
Score 4 | 2 (=6.45%) | 3 (=7.50%) | ||
Dental mobility degree (DM) | Physiological mobility | 4 (=12.90%) | 7 (=17.50%) | |
1st degree mobility | 16 (=51.61%) | 19 (=47.50%) | ||
2nd degree mobility | 11 (=35.48%) | 14 (=35.00%) | ||
Pockets depth (PD) | Normal | 3 (=9.67%) | 5 (=12.50%) | |
Early/mild periodontitis | 17 (=54.83%) | 19 (=47.50%) | ||
Moderate periodontitis | 11 (=35.48%) | 16 (=40.00%) | ||
Third clinical examination of both groups patients, at 2 months after the finalization of HBOT in first group of patients | Oral health index (OHI-S) | Score 0 | 12 (=38.40%) | 9 (=22.50%) |
Score 1 | 11 (=35.48%) | 12 (=30.00%) | ||
Score 2 | 5 (=16.12%) | 11 (=27.50%) | ||
Score 3 | 3 (=9.67%) | 8 (=20.00%) | ||
Sulcus bleeding index (SBI) | Score 0 | 8 (=25.80%) | 5 (=12.50%) | |
Score 1 | 9 (=29.03%) | 8 (=20.00%) | ||
Score 2 | 8 (=25.80%) | 11 (=27.50%) | ||
Score 3 | 6 (=19.35%) | 14 (=35.00%) | ||
Score 4 | - | 2 (=5.00%) | ||
Dental mobility degree (DM) | Physiological mobility | 8 (=25.80%) | 9 (=22.50%) | |
1st degree mobility | 17 (=54.83%) | 20 (=50.00%) | ||
2nd degree mobility | 6 (=19.35%) | 11 (=27.50%) | ||
Pockets depth (PD) | Normal | 9 (=29.03%) | 8 (=20.00%) | |
Early/mild periodontitis | 16 (=51.61%) | 18 (=45.00%) | ||
Moderate periodontitis | 5 (=16.12%) | 14 (=35.00%) |
Variable | p-Value | Variable | p-Value | Variable | p-Value | Variable | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OHI-S1 | 0.75 | SBI1 | 0.99 | DM1 | 0.65 | PD1 | 0.91 |
OHI-S2 | 0.99 | SBI2 | 0.91 | DM2 | 0.82 | PD2 | 0.81 |
OHI-S3 | 0.27 | SBI3 | 0.21 | DM3 | 0.66 | PD3 | 0.28 |
Variable | p-Value | |
---|---|---|
Test | Control | |
OHI-S | 0 | 0.016 |
SBI | 0 | 0.078 * |
DM | 0.018 | 0.013 |
PD | 0 | 0.026 |
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Burcea, A.; Mihai, L.L.; Bechir, A.; Suciu, M.; Bechir, E.S. Clinical Assessment of the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Efficacy in Mild to Moderate Periodontal Affections: A Simple Randomised Trial. Medicina 2022, 58, 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020234
Burcea A, Mihai LL, Bechir A, Suciu M, Bechir ES. Clinical Assessment of the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Efficacy in Mild to Moderate Periodontal Affections: A Simple Randomised Trial. Medicina. 2022; 58(2):234. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020234
Chicago/Turabian StyleBurcea, Alexandru, Laurenta Lelia Mihai, Anamaria Bechir, Mircea Suciu, and Edwin Sever Bechir. 2022. "Clinical Assessment of the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Efficacy in Mild to Moderate Periodontal Affections: A Simple Randomised Trial" Medicina 58, no. 2: 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020234