Does the Change in the Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes in Poland Affect Maternal and Fetal Complications? A Prospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
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- diabetes mellitus during pregnancy—a disorder which meets the general criteria for diabetes mellitus already at diagnosis
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- gestational diabetes mellitus—it is mostly manifested during the second or third trimester of pregnancy and meets the specific criteria for the pregnancy period.
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- fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or
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- 2-h plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) following a 75 g oral glucose load or
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- random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) in the presence of diabetes symptoms.
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- fasting blood glucose 92–125 mg/dL (5.1–6.9 mmol/L) or
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- 1-h plasma glucose ≥ 180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L) following a 75 g oral glucose load or
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- 2-h plasma glucose 153–199 mg/dL (8.5–11.0 mmol/L) following a 75 g oral glucose load.
2. Objective of Study
3. Patients and Methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | GDM in Group-15/16 (n = 58) | GDM in Group-17/18 (n = 65) | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | Q1 | Q3 | Median | Q1 | Q3 | ||
Body weight before pregnancy, kg | 77.00 | 59.50 | 82.85 | 64.10 | 57.00 | 88.00 | 0.6974 |
Height, cm | 165.00 | 160.00 | 170.00 | 165.00 | 160.00 | 170.00 | 0.9574 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 26.821 | 21.57 | 31.06 | 24.53 | 21.25 | 30.11 | 0.5900 |
Age, years | 30.00 | 27.00 | 34.00 | 31.00 | 27.00 | 34.00 | 0.3750 |
Body weight gain during pregnancy, kg | 10.00 | 6.00 | 15.00 | 9.50 | 6.00 | 14.50 | 0.9505 |
Week in which GDM was diagnosed | 26.00 | 23.00 | 27.00 | 26.00 | 20.00 | 28.00 | 0.5397 |
Week in which insulin was started | 30.00 | 27.00 | 33.00 | 27.00 | 19.00 | 31.00 | 0.0663 |
Week of delivery | 39.00 | 37.00 | 40.00 | 39.00 | 36.00 | 40.00 | 0.5880 |
Neonatal body weight at delivery, g | 3330.00 | 2810.00 | 3650.00 | 3250.00 | 2920.00 | 3500.00 | 0.7619 |
Neonatal body length at delivery, cm | 53.00 | 52.000 | 56.00 | 54.00 | 52.00 | 56.00 | 0.9783 |
Apgar score at 1 min | 10.00 | 9.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 9.000 | 10.00 | 0.7869 |
Oder of Pregnancy | GDM in Group-15/16 | GDM in Group-17/18 | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 34 | 58.62% | 36 | 55.38% | 0.4197 |
2 | 15 | 25.86% | 16 | 24.62% | |
3 and the following pregnancies | 9 | 15.52% | 13 | 20.00% | |
Total | 58 | 65 |
GDM Group | <4000 g | >4000 g | n | GDM Group | <4000 g | >4000 g | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15/16 | 53 | 5 | 58 | 15/16 | 91.40% | 8.60% | p = 0.5455 |
17/18 | 61 | 4 | 65 | 17/18 | 93.85% | 6.15% | |
Total | 114 | 9 | 123 |
OGTT | Group—15/16 | Group—17/18 | n | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fasting | 13 | 22.4% | 22 | 33.8% | 35 | p < 0.0001 |
Fasting glucose and 1-h after OGTT | 1 | 1.7% | 4 | 6.15% | 5 | |
Fasting glucose and 2-h after OGTT | 18 | 31% | 3 | 4.61% | 21 | |
2-h after OGTT | 26 | 44.8% | 19 | 29.2% | 45 | |
1-h and 2-h after OGTT | 0 | 0 | 7 | 10.76% | 7 | |
1-h after OGTT | 0 | 7 | 10.76% | 7 | ||
Fasting and 1-h and 2-h after OGTT | 0 | 3 | 4.6% | 3 | ||
Total | 58 | 65 | 123 |
Mode of GDM Treatment | GDM Group | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15/16 (n = 58) | 17/18 (n = 65) | n | ||||
Diet + Insulin | 30 | 51.7% | 22 | 33.8% | 52 | p = 0.04244 |
Prandial insulin only | 17 | 56.7% | 0 | 0 | ||
Basal insulin only | 5 | 16.7% | 19 | 86.4% | ||
Prandial+basal insulin | 8 | 26.7% | 3 | 13.6% | ||
Diet | 28 | 48.3% | 43 | 66.2% | 71 |
Variable | GDM in Group-15/16 Treated with Diet and Insulin | GDM in Group-15/16 Treated with Diet Only | p | ||||
Median | Q1 | Q3 | Median | Q1 | Q3 | ||
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.05 | 24.30 | 31.97 | 24.53 | 20.51 | 25.60 | p = 0.037626 |
Age, years | 32.0 | 29.0 | 36.0 | 29.0 | 26.0 | 32.0 | p = 0.019224 |
GDM in Group-17/18 Treated with Diet and Insulin | GDM in Group-17/18 Treated with Diet Only | p | |||||
Median | Q1 | Q3 | Median | Q1 | Q3 | ||
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.67 | 21.3 | 35.12 | 23.4 | 20.9 | 27.34 | p = 0.125727 |
Age, years | 31.5 | 29.0 | 34.0 | 30.0 | 27.0 | 35.0 | p = 0.579396 |
Maternal Comorbidities | GDM Group-15/16 (n = 58) | GDM Group-17/18 (n = 65) | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arterial hypertension | 2 | 6 | 8 | p = 0.19422 |
Hypothyroidism | 7 | 18 | 25 | p = 0.02596 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome | 2 | 2 | 4 | p = 0.64637 |
Neonatal Comorbidities | GDM Group-15/16 | GDM Group-17/18 | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prolonged jaundice | 9 | 10 | 19 | p = 0.58926 |
Hypoglycemia | 0 | 3 | 3 | p = 0.14434 |
Heart defect | 0 | 2 | 2 | p = 0.27722 |
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Cichocka, E.; Gumprecht, J. Does the Change in the Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes in Poland Affect Maternal and Fetal Complications? A Prospective Study. Medicina 2022, 58, 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58030398
Cichocka E, Gumprecht J. Does the Change in the Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes in Poland Affect Maternal and Fetal Complications? A Prospective Study. Medicina. 2022; 58(3):398. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58030398
Chicago/Turabian StyleCichocka, Edyta, and Janusz Gumprecht. 2022. "Does the Change in the Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes in Poland Affect Maternal and Fetal Complications? A Prospective Study" Medicina 58, no. 3: 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58030398