Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes and Antiviral Resistance Mutations in Romanian HIV-HBV Co-Infected Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Serum Samples
2.2. Detection and Quantification of Serum HBV-DNA
2.3. Detection of HBV Genotypes
2.4. Detection of HBV Resistance-Associated Mutations (RAMs)
2.5. Quantification of Serum HIV-RNA
2.6. Assessing of the Immunologic Status
2.7. APRI Score (AST-to-Platelet Ratio Index)
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients Characteristics
3.2. Treatment Regimens
3.3. HBV Genotypes in HIV–HBV Co-Infected Patients
3.4. Antiviral Resistance-Associated Mutations (RAMs)
- M204V/I: 48.8%, plus L180M: 33.3% ± L80V: 28.8% and V173L: 42.2%—a profile suggestive for LAM resistance (with all mutations, except for M204V, also being associated with telbivudine resistance, and the combination of L180M, M204V, andV173L being associated with entecavir (ETV) resistance.
- N236T: 28.8% and A181T/V: 15.5%—a profile suggestive for ADV resistance (and associated with reduced susceptibility to TDF/TAF). No specific RAM combinations were observed, according to the infecting genotype.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Long-Term HIV Cohort N = 81 | IDUs N = 36 | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 27.55 ± 0.7908 | 30 ± 0.9909 | 0.0575 |
Male (%) | 62.7% | 65.9% | 0.892 |
Mean HIV viral load (log10 copies/mL) | 4 ± 3.6 | 5.5 ± 5.3 | 0.0001 |
Undetectable HIV viral load (%) | 30.8% | 5.6% | 0.0027 |
CD4 (cells/mm3) mean | 533.6 ± 327.7 | 511.9 ± 315.4 | 0.626 |
CD4 < 200 cells/mL (%) | 18.52% | 25% | 0.4229 |
Mean HBV viral load (log10 IU/mL) | 6.99 ± 6.5 | 6.9 ± 6.5 | 0.978 |
Undetectable HBV viral load (%) | 33.3% | 11.1% | 0.0119 |
HBV viral load > 1000 IU/mL (%) | 32.1% | 52.8% | 0.0338 |
HBeAg positive (%) | 11.1% | 50.00% | 0.0172 |
HDV co-infection (%) | 2.5% | 16.7% | 0.005 |
APRI | 0.57 ± 0.092 | 4.9 ± 2.189 | 0.004 |
APRI > 1 (%) | 12.3% | 36.1% | 0.0339 |
HBV Genotype A N = 30 | HBV Genotype D N = 15 | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Mean HIV viral load (log10 copies/mL) | 4.9 ± 4.3 | 4.99 ± 4.4 | 0.4110 |
Undetectable HIV viral load (%) | 30% | 0% | 0.0177 |
Mean CD4 (cells/mm3) | 557.6 ± 75.65 | 511.7 ± 136.4 | 0.7567 |
CD4 < 200 cells/mL (%) | 16.67% | 6.67% | 0.3522 |
Mean HBV viral load (log10 IU/mL) | 6.99 ± 6.6 | 6.88 ± 6.5 | 0.2488 |
HBe Ag positive (%) | 33.33% | 20.00% | 0.3522 |
APRI score mean | 2.053 ± 1.024 | 0.5163 ± 0.09038 | 0.238 |
APRI > 1 (%) | 16.6% | 13.3% | 0.2049 |
RAM | HBV Genotype A N = 30 | HBV Genotype D N = 15 | p |
---|---|---|---|
M204V/I | 53.3% | 40% | 0.399 |
L180M | 36.6% | 26.6% | 0.8257 |
V173L | 50% | 40% | 0.3933 |
L80V | 40% | 6.7% | 0.032 |
N236T | 43.3% | 0% | 0.004 |
A181T/V | 16.6% | 13.3% | 0.8257 |
Wild type | 13.3% | 20% | 0.5608 |
Pattern | Resistance to | Number | Percent |
---|---|---|---|
L180M, M204V/I | LAM | 22 | 48.8% |
V173L, L180M, M204V/I | LAM | 23 | 51.1% |
L180M, M204V/I ± V173L | ETV | 22 | 48.8% |
N236T + A181T/V | ADV and reduced TDF/TAF | 19 | 42.2% |
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Sultana, C.; Casian, M.; Oprea, C.; Ianache, I.; Grancea, C.; Chiriac, D.; Ruta, S. Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes and Antiviral Resistance Mutations in Romanian HIV-HBV Co-Infected Patients. Medicina 2022, 58, 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58040531
Sultana C, Casian M, Oprea C, Ianache I, Grancea C, Chiriac D, Ruta S. Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes and Antiviral Resistance Mutations in Romanian HIV-HBV Co-Infected Patients. Medicina. 2022; 58(4):531. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58040531
Chicago/Turabian StyleSultana, Camelia, Mihnea Casian, Cristiana Oprea, Irina Ianache, Camelia Grancea, Daniela Chiriac, and Simona Ruta. 2022. "Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes and Antiviral Resistance Mutations in Romanian HIV-HBV Co-Infected Patients" Medicina 58, no. 4: 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58040531