Subclinical Target Organ Damage in a Sample of Children with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Blood Pressure Measurement and Vascular Exams
2.2. Laboratory Exams
2.3. Anthropometric Parameters
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Female | Male | High BP at ABPM/OBP | Normal BP at ABPM/OBP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 4) | (n = 7) | (n = 5) | (n = 6) | |||
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-Value | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-Value | |
Age, years | 8.8 ± 3.4 | 9.9 ± 3.3 | 0.612 | 8.6 ± 2.6 | 10.2 ± 3.8 | 0.453 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 19.8 ± 2.8 | 18.4 ± 3.8 | 0.544 | 18.1 ± 3.0 | 19.7 ± 3.8 | 0.473 |
Percentile BMI for age | 84 ± 12.6 | 52.8 ± 27.4 | 0.030 | 65.2 ± 34.9 | 63.3 ± 22.6 | 0.913 |
Office SBP, mmHg | 110.0 ± 13.6 | 105.3 ± 14.5 | 0.610 | 107.8 ± 11.1 | 106.3 ± 16.6 | 0.870 |
Percentile SBP, mmHg | 76.6 ± 23.1 | 59.5 ± 28 | 0.330 | 72.0 ± 19.7 | 60.4 ± 32.0 | 0.500 |
Office DBP, mmHg | 70.3 ± 6.2 | 59.4 ± 8.2 | 0.039 | 67.6 ± 7.0 | 59.8 ± 9.5 | 0.166 |
Percentile DBP, mmHg | 77.2 ± 13.9 | 39.9 ± 13 | 0.005 | 62.7 ± 24.8 | 45.7 ± 19.5 | 0.233 |
24 h SBP, mmHg | 116 ± 3.6 | 119.2 ± 6.1 | 0.384 | 119.6 ± 7.2 | 116.2 ± 1.8 | 0.337 |
Percentile 24 h-SBP | 83.8 ± 16.9 | 82.2 ± 15.9 | 0.880 | 88.0 ± 21.2 | 81.1 ± 4.9 | 0.302 |
24 h DBP, mmHg | 66.5 ± 3.3 | 67.8 ± 3.4 | 0.559 | 67.8 ± 4.1 | 66.8 ± 2.6 | 0.656 |
Percentile 24 h-DBP | 53.7 ± 27.3 | 54.9 ± 22.8 | 0.941 | 58.9 ± 28.0 | 49.9 ± 19.2 | 0.573 |
cIMT, mm | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 0.675 | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.49 ± 0.04 | 0.702 |
Percentile c-IMT for height | 97.1 ± 3.4 | 96.5 ± 5.4 | 0.849 | 97.0 ± 3.0 | 96.4 ± 6.0 | 0.848 |
cDC, kPA-1 | 52.3 ± 9.2 | 59.6 ± 18.9 | 0.556 | 54.6 ± 9.4 | 51.2 ± 20.7 | 0.701 |
Percentile cDC for height | 26.7 ± 14 | 44.7 ± 32 | 0.411 | 35.0 ± 17.5 | 45.3 ± 36.0 | 0.349 |
PWV, m/s | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 0.525 | 4.6 ± 0.61 | 4.5 ± 0.71 | 0.835 |
Percentile PWV for height | 31.8 ± 17.2 | 59.5 ± 31.9 | 0.156 | 44.4 ± 19.3 | 52.5 ± 39.2 | 0.694 |
RWT | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 0.869 | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 0.985 |
LVM/BSA, g/m2 | 25.8 ± 4.8 | 33.9 ± 9.9 | 0.102 | 27.4 ± 6.1 | 34.0 ± 10.6 | 0.249 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 54.3 ± 8.8 | 55.1 ± 8.0 | 0.867 | 52.2 ± 8.9 | 57.0 ± 6.9 | 0.340 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 73.0 ± 12.9 | 57.3 ± 18.4 | 0.171 | 74.7 ± 13.3 | 53.3 ± 15.5 | 0.036 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 86.3 ± 17.6 | 76.3 ± 64.7 | 0.774 | 72.4 ± 24.8 | 86.2 ± 0.09 | 0.681 |
Uric Acid (mg/dL) | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 0.147 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 0.832 |
Albumin/creatinine, mg/mmoL creat.) | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 0.56 ± 0.15 | 0.143 | 0.17 ± 2.0 | 0.62 ± 0.23 | 0.176 |
Schwartz eGFR, ml/min | 110.8 ± 9.9 | 109.0 ± 16.0 | 0.849 | 119 ± 13.4 | 101.8 ± 7.1 | 0.026 |
Cystatin-c, mg/L | 0.85 ± 0.05 | 0.87 ± 0.10 | 0.707 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.921 |
Proteinuria, g/die | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.06 | 0.067 | 75.6 ± 3.4 | 72.6 ± 4.7 | 0.277 |
Total Population (n = 11) | |
---|---|
n (%) | |
Percentile BMI for age < 95th | 8 (72.7%) |
90th ≤ Percentile BMI for age < 95th | 3 (27.3%) |
Percentile BMI for age ≥ 95th | 0 |
Percentile Office SBP and DBP < 95th | 9 (81.8%) |
Percentile Office SBP or DBP ≥ 95th | 2 (18.2%) |
Percentile ABPM SBP and DBP < 95th | 5 (55.6%) |
Percentile ABPM SBP or DBP ≥ 95th | 4 (44.4%) |
Percentile cIMT for height < 95th | 2 (20%) |
Percentile cIMT for height ≥ 95th | 8 (80%) |
Percentile cDC for height ≥ 5th | 8 (100%) |
Percentile cDC for height < 5th | 0 |
Percentile PWV for height < 95th | 9 (100%) |
Percentile PWV for height ≥ 95th | 0 |
RWT < 0.375 | 3 (27.3%) |
RWT ≥ 0.375 | 8 (72.7%) |
Percentile LVM < 95th | 10 (90.9%) |
Percentile LVM ≥ 95th | 1 (9.1%) |
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Romano, S.; Marcon, D.; Branz, L.; Tagetti, A.; Monamì, G.; Giontella, A.; Malesani, F.; Pecoraro, L.; Minuz, P.; Brugnara, M.; et al. Subclinical Target Organ Damage in a Sample of Children with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study. Medicina 2023, 59, 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101777
Romano S, Marcon D, Branz L, Tagetti A, Monamì G, Giontella A, Malesani F, Pecoraro L, Minuz P, Brugnara M, et al. Subclinical Target Organ Damage in a Sample of Children with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study. Medicina. 2023; 59(10):1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101777
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomano, Simone, Denise Marcon, Lorella Branz, Angela Tagetti, Giada Monamì, Alice Giontella, Francesca Malesani, Luca Pecoraro, Pietro Minuz, Milena Brugnara, and et al. 2023. "Subclinical Target Organ Damage in a Sample of Children with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study" Medicina 59, no. 10: 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101777