Orthodontic Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Some Linear Dental Arch Measurements and Preventing Anterior Segment Malocclusion: A Prospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Registration for Study
2.2. Sample
2.3. Study Protocol
2.4. Proposed Algorithm Steps
Algorithm 1: Algorithm proposed machine learning technique |
Step 1: Read CSV file using pandas library; |
Step 2: Perform feature engineering; |
Step 2.1: Check missing values; |
Step 2.2: Check for outliers; |
Step 2.3: Check the correlation among features; |
Step 3: Split the dataset into two parts, training and testing, with 20% for testing from the total dataset. Step 4: Implement the training data in linear regression and K-Nearest Neighbor and calculate the accuracy using the MSE and R2_score. |
Y^ = KNN—Equation formula |
Y^: Predicted value |
xi: Actual point value 1 |
yi: Actual point value 2 |
Y^ = B0 + B1Xi Linear Regression—Equation |
Y^: Predicted value |
B0: Y intercept |
B1: Slop Coefficient |
Xi: Independent actual value |
MSE = Mean Square Error—Equation |
n: number of total data points |
yi: Actual value |
y^i: Predicted value |
Step 5: Choose the height accuracy with less error. |
End |
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rauf, A.M.; Mahmood, T.M.A.; Mohammed, M.H.; Omer, Z.Q.; Kareem, F.A. Orthodontic Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Some Linear Dental Arch Measurements and Preventing Anterior Segment Malocclusion: A Prospective Study. Medicina 2023, 59, 1973. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111973
Rauf AM, Mahmood TMA, Mohammed MH, Omer ZQ, Kareem FA. Orthodontic Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Some Linear Dental Arch Measurements and Preventing Anterior Segment Malocclusion: A Prospective Study. Medicina. 2023; 59(11):1973. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111973
Chicago/Turabian StyleRauf, Aras Maruf, Trefa Mohammed Ali Mahmood, Miran Hikmat Mohammed, Zana Qadir Omer, and Fadil Abdullah Kareem. 2023. "Orthodontic Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Some Linear Dental Arch Measurements and Preventing Anterior Segment Malocclusion: A Prospective Study" Medicina 59, no. 11: 1973. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111973