Prevalence of and Gender Differences in Psychiatric Disorders among Juvenile Detainees in South Korea: A Comparative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. General
2.2.2. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents
2.2.3. The Massachusetts Youth Screening Inventory
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Level | Total (n = 100) | Female (n = 46) | Male (n = 54) | * p-Value | Test | t2/X2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean (sd)) | 17.08 (1.52) | 17.61 (1.88) | 16.63 (0.94) | 0.00 | 3.21 | ||
FSIQ (mean (sd)) | 91.27 (8.35) | 91.39 (6.38) | 91.17 (9.78) | 0.89 | 0.14 |
Variable | Level | Total (n = 100) | Sex = 0 (n = 46) | Sex = 1 (n = 54) | * p-Value | Test | t2/X2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Major depressive episode, present (%) | 0.16 | 1.34 | |||||
0 | 76 (76.00) | 32 (69.57) | 44 (81.48) | ||||
1 | 24 (24.00) | 14 (30.43) | 10 (18.52) | ||||
Major depressive episode, past (%) | 0.35 | 0.50 | |||||
0 | 74 (74.00) | 32 (69.57) | 42 (77.78) | ||||
1 | 26 (26.00) | 14 (30.43) | 12 (22.22) | ||||
Major depressive episode, recurrent (%) | 0.01 | exact | 6.80 | ||||
0 | 90 (90.00) | 37 (80.43) | 53 (98.15) | ||||
1 | 10 (10.00) | 9 (19.57) | 1 (1.85) | ||||
Major depressive disorder, present (%) | 0.12 | exact | 1.88 | ||||
0 | 96 (96.00) | 46 (100.00) | 50 (92.59) | ||||
1 | 4 (4.00) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (7.41) | ||||
Major depressive disorder, past (%) | 0.06 | exact | 2.75 | ||||
0 | 95 (95.00) | 46 (100.00) | 49 (90.74) | ||||
1 | 5 (5.00) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (9.26) | ||||
Major depressive disorder, recurrent (%) | - | ||||||
0 | 100 (100) | 46 (100.00) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Suicidal tendency (%) | 0.12 | 4.19 | |||||
low | 26 (43.33) | 11 (32.35) | 15 (57.69) | ||||
medium | 10 (16.67) | 6 (17.65) | 4 (15.38) | ||||
high | 24 (40.00) | 17 (50.00) | 7 (26.92) | ||||
Suicidal tendency (%) | 0.01 | exact | 11.01 | ||||
none | 40 (40.00) | 12 (26.09) | 28 (51.85) | ||||
low | 26 (26.00) | 11 (23.91) | 15 (27.78) | ||||
medium | 10 (10.00) | 6 (13.04) | 4 (7.41) | ||||
high | 24 (24.00) | 17 (36.96) | 7 (12.96) | ||||
Dysthymia (%) | 0.14 | exact | 1.81 | ||||
0 | 92 (92.00) | 40 (86.96) | 52 (96.30) | ||||
1 | 8 (8.00) | 6 (13.04) | 2 (3.70) | ||||
Manic episode, present (%) | 0.62 | exact | 0.12 | ||||
0 | 96 (96.00) | 45 (97.83) | 51 (94.44) | ||||
1 | 4 (4.00) | 1 (2.17) | 3 (5.56) | ||||
Manic episode, past (%) | 0.36 | 0.37 | |||||
0 | 88 (88.00) | 39 (84.78) | 49 (90.74) | ||||
1 | 12 (12.00) | 7 (15.22) | 5 (9.26) | ||||
Hypomanic episode, present (%) | 1.00 | exact | 0.00 | ||||
0 | 92 (92.00) | 42 (91.30) | 50 (92.59) | ||||
1 | 8 (8.00) | 4 (8.70) | 4 (7.41) | ||||
Hypomanic episode, past (%) | 0.36 | 0.37 | |||||
0 | 88 (88.00) | 39 (84.78) | 49 (90.74) | ||||
1 | 12 (12.00) | 7 (15.22) | 5 (9.26) | ||||
Bipolar I disorder, present (%) | 0.25 | exact | 1.07 | ||||
0 | 97 (97.00) | 46 (100.00) | 51 (94.44) | ||||
1 | 3 (3.00) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (5.56) | ||||
Bipolar I disorder, past (%) | 0.06 | exact | 2.75 | ||||
0 | 95 (95.00) | 46 (100.00) | 49 (90.74) | ||||
1 | 5 (5.00) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (9.26) | ||||
Bipolar II disorder, present (%) | - | ||||||
0 | 100 (100.00) | 46 (100.00) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Bipolar II disorder, past (%) | 0.50 | exact | 0.36 | ||||
0 | 98 (98.00) | 46 (100.00) | 52 (96.30) | ||||
1 | 2 (2.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (3.70) | ||||
Bipolar disorder unspecified, present (%) | 1.00 | exact | 0.00 | ||||
0 | 99 (99.00) | 46 (100.00) | 53 (98.15) | ||||
1 | 1 (1.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.85) | ||||
Bipolar disorder unspecified, past (%) | 1.00 | exact | 0.00 | ||||
0 | 99 (99.00) | 46 (100.00) | 53 (98.15) | ||||
1 | 1 (1.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.85) | ||||
Panic disorder, present (%) | 0.04 | exact | 2.89 | ||||
0 | 96 (96.00) | 42 (91.30) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 4 (4.00) | 4 (8.70) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Panic disorder, whole (%) | 0.02 | exact | 4.10 | ||||
0 | 95 (95.00) | 41 (89.13) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 5 (5.00) | 5 (10.87) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Agoraphobia (%) | <0.001 | 12.17 | |||||
0 | 89 (89.00) | 35 (76.09) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 11 (11.00) | 11 (23.91) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Separation anxiety disorder (%) | 0.09 | exact | 2.16 | ||||
0 | 94 (94.00) | 41 (89.13) | 53 (98.15) | ||||
1 | 6 (6.00) | 5 (10.87) | 1 (1.85) | ||||
Social phobia, present (%) | 0.02 | exact | 4.10 | ||||
0 | 95 (95.00) | 41 (89.13) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 5 (5.00) | 5 (10.87) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Social phobia, sporadic (%) | 1.00 | exact | 0.00 | ||||
0 | 96 (96.00) | 44 (95.65) | 52 (96.30) | ||||
1 | 4 (4.00) | 2 (4.35) | 2 (3.70) | ||||
Social phobia, unsporadic (%) | 0.21 | exact | 0.69 | ||||
0 | 98 (98.00) | 44 (95.65) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 2 (2.00) | 2 (4.35) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Specific phobia (%) | 0.05 | exact | 3.21 | ||||
0 | 93 (93.00) | 40 (86.96) | 53 (98.15) | ||||
1 | 7 (7.00) | 6 (13.04) | 1 (1.85) | ||||
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (%) | 0.07 | 2.26 | |||||
0 | 87 (87.00) | 37 (80.43) | 50 (92.59) | ||||
1 | 13 (13.00) | 9 (19.57) | 4 (7.41) | ||||
Post-traumatic stress disorder (%) | 0.01 | exact | 5.55 | ||||
0 | 91 (91.00) | 38 (82.61) | 53 (98.15) | ||||
1 | 9 (9.00) | 8 (17.39) | 1 (1.85) | ||||
Alcohol dependence (%) | 0.03 | 3.75 | |||||
0 | 55 (55.00) | 20 (43.48) | 35 (64.81) | ||||
1 | 45 (45.00) | 26 (56.52) | 19 (35.19) | ||||
Alcohol abuse (%) | <0.001 | 16.25 | |||||
0 | 73 (73.00) | 43 (93.48) | 30 (55.56) | ||||
1 | 27 (27.00) | 3 (6.52) | 24 (44.44) | ||||
Material dependence (%) | 1.00 | exact | 0.00 | ||||
0 | 95 (95.00) | 44 (95.65) | 51 (94.44) | ||||
1 | 5 (5.00) | 2 (4.35) | 3 (5.56) | ||||
Material abuse (%) | 1.00 | exact | 0.00 | ||||
0 | 98 (98.00) | 45 (97.83) | 53 (98.15) | ||||
1 | 2 (2.00) | 1 (2.17) | 1 (1.85) | ||||
Tourette’s disorder, motor (%) | 0.21 | exact | 0.69 | ||||
0 | 98 (98.00) | 44 (95.65) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 2 (2.00) | 2 (4.35) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Tourette’s disorder, vocal (%) | - | ||||||
0 | 100 (100.00) | 46 (100.00) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Tourette’s disorder, temporary (%) | - | ||||||
0 | 100 (100.00) | 46 (100.00) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
ADHD, combined (%) | 0.02 | 4.41 | |||||
0 | 87 (87.00) | 36 (78.26) | 51 (94.44) | ||||
1 | 13 (13.00) | 10 (21.74) | 3 (5.56) | ||||
ADHD, AD dominant (%) | 1.00 | exact | 0.00 | ||||
0 | 92 (92.00) | 42 (91.30) | 50 (92.59) | ||||
1 | 8 (8.00) | 4 (8.70) | 4 (7.41) | ||||
ADHD, HA dominant (%) | 0.24 | exact | 1.01 | ||||
0 | 93 (93.00) | 41 (89.13) | 52 (96.30) | ||||
1 | 7 (7.00) | 5 (10.87) | 2 (3.70) | ||||
Conduct disorder (%) | 0.16 | 1.49 | |||||
0 | 51 (51.00) | 27 (58.70) | 24 (44.44) | ||||
1 | 49 (49.00) | 19 (41.30) | 30 (55.56) | ||||
ODD (%) | 0.55 | 0.12 | |||||
0 | 80 (80.00) | 38 (82.61) | 42 (77.78) | ||||
1 | 20 (20.00) | 8 (17.39) | 12 (22.22) | ||||
Schizophrenia, whole (%) | 1.00 | exact | 0.00 | ||||
0 | 97 (97.00) | 45 (97.83) | 52 (96.30) | ||||
1 | 3 (3.00) | 1 (2.17) | 2 (3.70) | ||||
Schizophrenia, present (%) | 1.00 | exact | 0.00 | ||||
0 | 97 (97.00) | 45 (97.83) | 52 (96.30) | ||||
1 | 3 (3.00) | 1 (2.17) | 2 (3.70) | ||||
Schizoaffective disorder, whole (%) | 1.00 | exact | 0.00 | ||||
0 | 96 (96.00) | 44 (95.65) | 52 (96.30) | ||||
1 | 4 (4.00) | 2 (4.35) | 2 (3.70) | ||||
Schizoaffective disorder, present (%) | 0.25 | exact | 1.07 | ||||
0 | 97 (97.00) | 46 (100.00) | 51 (94.44) | ||||
1 | 3 (3.00) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (5.56) | ||||
Anorexia nervosa (%) | - | ||||||
0 | 100 (100.00) | 46 (100.00) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Bulimia nervosa (%) | - | ||||||
0 | 97 (97.00) | 45 (97.83) | 52 (96.30) | ||||
1 | 3 (3.00) | 1 (2.17) | 2 (3.70) | ||||
Generalized anxiety disorder (%) | 0.08 | exact | 2.74 | ||||
0 | 91 (91.00) | 39 (84.78) | 52 (96.30) | ||||
1 | 9 (9.00) | 7 (15.22) | 2 (3.70) | ||||
Adjustment disorder (%) | - | ||||||
0 | 100 (100.00) | 46 (100.00) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Other medical/material/drug cause (%) | - | ||||||
0 | 100 (100.00) | 46 (100.00) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
Pervasive developmental disorder (%) | 0.44 | exact | 0.01 | ||||
0 | 96 (98.97) | 42 (97.67) | 54 (100.00) | ||||
1 | 1 (1.03) | 1 (2.33) | 0 (0.00) |
Variable | Total (n = 100) | F (n = 46) | M (n = 54) | * p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
BAD (mean (sd)) | 2.21 (2.14) | 3.5 (2.00) | 1.11 (1.57) | <0.001 |
Alcohol/drug use (mean (sd)) | 3 (2.78) | 4.7 (2.53) | 1.56 (2.10) | <0.001 |
BAI (mean (sd)) | 3.14 (2.63) | 3.04 (2.43) | 3.22 (2.81) | 0.734 |
Angry/irritable (mean (sd)) | 3.54 (2.95) | 3.22 (2.67) | 3.81 (3.16) | 0.312 |
Depressed/anxious(mean (sd)) | 3.21 (2.72) | 4.67 (2.29) | 1.96 (2.43) | <0.001 |
Somatic complaints (mean (sd)) | 1.88 (2.02) | 2.78 (1.87) | 1.11 (1.82) | <0.001 |
Suicidal ideation (mean (sd)) | 1.49 (1.89) | 2.48 (1.95) | 0.65 (1.38) | <0.001 |
Thought disturbance (mean (sd)) | 2.21 (2.29) | 4.41 (1.20) | 0.33 (0.89) | <0.001 |
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Choi, B.-S.; Kim, B. Prevalence of and Gender Differences in Psychiatric Disorders among Juvenile Detainees in South Korea: A Comparative Study. Medicina 2023, 59, 2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122068
Choi B-S, Kim B. Prevalence of and Gender Differences in Psychiatric Disorders among Juvenile Detainees in South Korea: A Comparative Study. Medicina. 2023; 59(12):2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122068
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Bum-Sung, and Bongseog Kim. 2023. "Prevalence of and Gender Differences in Psychiatric Disorders among Juvenile Detainees in South Korea: A Comparative Study" Medicina 59, no. 12: 2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122068