Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Subjects’ Selection Criteria
2.2.1. Ethical Considerations
- Permission of the competent authority was obtained before the start of the study;
- Written informed consent (attached) was taken from all the participants in accordance with provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki;
- All information and data collection were kept confidential;
- Participants remained anonymous throughout the study and their privacy was protected. Their identity will not be revealed in any publication resulting from this study;
- Participation in the case-control study was considered voluntary for the study subjects and their discretion not to participate or withdraw their consent at any time was observed. They were not penalized in any way if they decided not to participate or to withdraw from the study;
- Data about the study will not be shared with anyone except for academic purposes.
2.2.2. Statement of Confidentiality
2.3. History and Medical Records
2.4. Specimen Collection, Transportation, and Analysis
2.5. Statistical Consideration
3. Results
3.1. Levels of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Auto Antibodies in Patients with Hashimoto’s Diseases v/s Healthy Controls
3.2. The Concentrations of Pro-Inflamatory Cytokines in Patients with Hashimoto’s Diseases v/s Healthy Controls
3.3. The Total Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Hashimoto’s Disease v/s Healthy Controls
3.4. Correlation between Anti-TPO and Total Vitamin D Levels
3.5. Correlation between Anti-TG and Total Vitamin D Levels
3.6. Correlation between Pro-Inflamatory Cytokines and Total Vitamin D Levels
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age | n | % |
---|---|---|
18–25 | 27 | 18.7 |
26–30 | 28 | 19.4 |
31–35 | 32 | 22.2 |
36–40 | 23 | 15.9 |
41–45 | 11 | 7.6 |
46–50 | 8 | 5.5 |
51–55 | 13 | 9 |
56–60 | 2 | 1.3 |
Variables | Unit | Hashimoto’s Disease | Control |
---|---|---|---|
TSH | mIU/L | 7.674 ± 2.55 (M ± SD) | 2.13 ± 1.42 (M ± SD) |
FT4 | pmol/L | 14.03 ± 4.96 (M ± SD) | 17.25 ± 2.16 (M ± SD) |
FT3 | pg/mL | 2.69 ± 0.19 (M ± SD) | 2.80 ± 0.15 (M ± SD) |
Anti-TPO | (IU/mL) | 285 ± 142 Median ± IQR | 5.0 ± 10.69 Median ± IQR |
Anti-TG | (IU/mL) | 160 ± 63.5 Median ± IQR | 39.6 ± 80.05 Median ± IQR |
Variables | Unit | Hashimoto’s Disease | Healthy Controls | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Interlukin-1B | pg/mL | 6.253 ± 0.382 | 0.601 ± 0.1756 | 0.000 * |
Interlukin-6 | 9.465 ± 0.486 | 2.632 ± 0.553 | 0.393 | |
Interlukin-8 | 7.539 ± 0.558 | 3.063 ± 1.235 | 0.008 * | |
Interlukin-10 | 4.325 ± 0.497 | 3.396 ± 0.353 | 0.002 * | |
Interlukin-12 | 3.813 ± 0.483 | 3.44 ± 0.481 | 0.850 | |
TNF-α | 7.662 ± 1.132 | 1.459 ± 0.357 | 0.000 * |
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Siddiq, A.; Naveed, A.K.; Ghaffar, N.; Aamir, M.; Ahmed, N. Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease. Medicina 2023, 59, 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050853
Siddiq A, Naveed AK, Ghaffar N, Aamir M, Ahmed N. Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease. Medicina. 2023; 59(5):853. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050853
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiddiq, Amer, Abdul Khaliq Naveed, Nabila Ghaffar, Muhammad Aamir, and Naveed Ahmed. 2023. "Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease" Medicina 59, no. 5: 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050853