Number of Teeth According to Hand Strength in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of 11,499 South Korean Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Data
2.2. Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Evaluation of the Number of Existing Permanent Teeth
2.4. HandGrip Strength Evaluation
2.5. Confounding Factor Assessment
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Number of Remaining Teeth According to the General Characteristics of the Participant
3.2. Number of Remaining Teeth According to the Oral Health Characteristics of the Participant
3.3. Number of Remaining Teeth According to the Participant’s General Health
3.4. Relationship between the Participant’s Grip Strength and the Number of Remaining Teeth
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | The Number of Teeth | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
0–9 | 10–19 | 20–28 | ||
Sex | <0.001 | |||
Male | 9.4 (0.6) | 9.3 (0.5) | 81.3 (0.8) | |
Female | 6.3 (0.5) | 8.2 (0.4) | 85.6 (0.7) | |
Age | <0.001 | |||
19–64 | 1.5 (0.2) | 3.8 (0.3) | 94.7 (0.3) | |
≥65 | 25.0 (1.1) | 22.7 (0.9) | 52.3 (1.3) | |
Household income | <0.001 | |||
Very low | 22.7 (1.3) | 18.7 (1.0) | 58.6 (1.6) | |
Low | 8.4 (0.7) | 11.7 (0.8) | 79.9 (1.0) | |
Normal | 4.9 (0.5) | 6.6 (0.6) | 88.4 (0.8) | |
High | 2.6 (0.4) | 5.0 (0.6) | 92.4 (0.7) | |
Very high | 2.1 (0.4) | 3.8 (0.5) | 94.1 (0.6) | |
Education level | <0.001 | |||
Elementary school | 64.9 (2.2) | 50.0 (2.2) | 13.5 (0.6) | |
Middle school | 10.1 (1.1) | 13.6 (1.1) | 76.3 (1.5) | |
Hihg school | 3.5 (0.4) | 6.0 (0.5) | 90.5 (0.6) | |
College | 1.0 (0.2) | 2.7 (0.3) | 96.3 (0.4) | |
Residence area | <0.001 | |||
City | 6.1 (0.4) | 7.7 (0.4) | 86.2 (0.6) | |
Country | 14.6 (1.8) | 13.7 (1.0) | 71.8 (2.5) | |
Marital status | <0.001 | |||
Married | 8.8 (0.5) | 10.0 (0.4) | 81.2 (0.7) | |
Single | 0.6 (0.2) | 1.3 (0.3) | 98.1 (0.3) | |
Health insurance type | <0.001 | |||
National Insurance (region) | 7.7 (0.6) | 10.6 (0.7) | 81.7 (0.9) | |
National Insurance (workplace) | 6.4 (0.5) | 7.4 (0.4) | 86.2 (0.7) | |
Medical benefit | 21.2 (2.9) | 15.7 (2.1) | 63.1 (3.3) | |
Private medical insurance | <0.001 | |||
Yes | 3.0 (0.2) | 6.0 (0.3) | 90.9 (0.4) | |
No | 31.6 (2.1) | 53.8 (2.0) | 83.8 (0.6) |
Variable | Number of Teeth | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
0–9 | 10–19 | 20–28 | ||
Tooth pain | <0.001 | |||
No | 8.4 (0.5) | 7.7 (0.4) | 83.8 (0.7) | |
Yes | 5.4 (0.5) | 10.7 (0.7) | 83.9 (0.9) | |
Periodontal disease | <0.001 | |||
No | 3.6 (0.3) | 6.1 (0.4) | 90.4 (0.5) | |
Yes | 4.8 (0.4) | 15.7 (0.8) | 79.6 (0.9) | |
Tooth brush yesterday | <0.001 | |||
No | 60.7 (3.6) | 10.4 (2.0) | 29.0 (3.5) | |
Yes | 6.1 (0.3) | 8.5 (0.4) | 85.4 (0.6) | |
Teeth damage | 0.001 | |||
No | 7.6 (0.4) | 8.3 (0.4) | 84.2 (0.6) | |
Yes | 5.5 (0.7) | 11.0 (1.0) | 83.5 (1.2) | |
Chewing problems | <0.001 | |||
Very uncomfortable | 30.8 (2.2) | 28.4 (2.1) | 40.9 (2.5) | |
Inconvenient | 14.2 (1.0) | 16.8 (1.0) | 68.9 (1.4) | |
Commonly | 7.0 (0.7) | 10.3 (0.8) | 82.7 (1.0) | |
Comfortable | 4.3 (0.4) | 6.0 (0.6) | 89.7 (0.7) | |
Very comfortable | 3.1 (0.3) | 3.2 (0.4) | 93.7 (0.5) | |
Chewing discomfort | <0.001 | |||
No | 4.3 (0.3) | 5.6 (0.3) | 90.1 (0.5) | |
Yes | 17.5 (1.0) | 19.1 (0.9) | 63.4 (1.3) | |
Speaking problems | <0.001 | |||
Very uncomfortable | 43.0 (4.0) | 33.6 (3.8) | 23.4 (3.7) | |
Inconvenient | 29.8 (2.0) | 25.8 (1.7) | 44.3 (2.2) | |
Commonly | 15.5 (1.4) | 18.0 (1.4) | 66.6 (1.8) | |
Comfortable | 7.1 (0.7) | 12.3 (0.9) | 80.5 (1.1) | |
Very Comfortable | 3.0 (0.3) | 3.9 (0.3) | 93.1 (0.4) | |
Oral examination | <0.001 | |||
No | 9.9 (0.5) | 9.6 (0.4) | 80.5 (0.8) | |
Yes | 2.7 (0.3) | 6.8 (0.5) | 90.5 (0.6) | |
Dental use | <0.001 | |||
No | 9.8 (0.6) | 7.5 (0.4) | 82.7 (0.8) | |
Yes | 5.4 (0.4) | 9.4 (0.4) | 85.2 (0.6) | |
Unmet dental care needs | <0.001 | |||
Yes | 6.6 (0.6) | 10.4 (0.7) | 83.0 (0.9) | |
No | 6.3 (0.4) | 8.6 (0.4) | 85.1 (0.7) | |
No treatment need | 11.0 (0.9) | 6.2 (0.7) | 82.8 (1.2) |
Variable | Number of Teeth | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
0–9 | 10–19 | 20–28 | ||
Smoking | 0.009 | |||
No | 6.9 (0.4) | 8.6 (0.4) | 84.5 (0.6) | |
Yes | 9.4 (1.0) | 8.6 (0.7) | 82.0 (1.2) | |
Drinking | <0.001 | |||
No | 10.1 (0.6) | 10.5 (0.5) | 79.4 (0.9) | |
Yes | 4.8 (0.4) | 6.9 (0.4) | 88.3 (0.6) | |
Aerobic physical activity | <0.001 | |||
No | 9.5 (0.5) | 10.5 (0.5) | 80.1 (0.8) | |
Yes | 4.1 (0.4) | 6.2 (0.4) | 89.7 (0.6) | |
Hypertension | <0.001 | |||
No | 4.4 (0.3) | 5.8 (0.3) | 89.8 (0.5) | |
Yes | 17.3 (0.9) | 17.8 (0.9) | 64.9 (1.2) | |
Dyslipidemia | <0.001 | |||
No | 6.7 (0.4) | 7.3 (0.3) | 86.0 (0.6) | |
Yes | 10.8 (0.8) | 14.8 (0.9) | 74.4 (1.2) | |
Stroke | <0.001 | |||
No | 6.9 (0.4) | 8.3 (0.3) | 84.8 (0.6) | |
Yes | 21.8 (2.9) | 20.7 (2.7) | 57.5 (3.3) | |
Myocardial infarction | <0.001 | |||
No | 7.0 (0.4) | 8.6 (0.4) | 84.4 (0.6) | |
Yes | 23.1 (4.5) | 14.1 (3.5) | 62.8 (4.7) | |
Angina pectoris | <0.001 | |||
No | 7.0 (0.4) | 8.6 (0.4) | 84.5 (0.6) | |
Yes | 18.0 (3.3) | 12.0 (3.1) | 70.0 (4.1) | |
Diabetes | <0.001 | |||
No | 6.4 (0.4) | 7.6 (0.3) | 86.0 (0.6) | |
Yes | 18.0 (1.3) | 18.7 (1.4) | 63.3 (1.7) | |
Handgrip strength | 23.52 ± 11.64 | 25.37 ± 11.47 | 30.42 ± 11.45 | 0.001 |
Low | 23.4 (1.5) | 17.6 (1.2) | 59.0 (1.9) | <0.001 |
High | 4.9 (0.3) | 7.2 (0.3) | 87.8 (0.5) |
Variable | Number of Teeth 10–19 | Number of Teeth 20–28 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Handgrip strength (HGS) | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
High | 1.95 (1.57–2.42) | 1.26 (0.92–1.72) | 7.08 (5.88–8.53) | 1.59 (1.19–2.13) |
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Kim, S.-Y.; Lim, S.-A. Number of Teeth According to Hand Strength in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of 11,499 South Korean Adults. Medicina 2023, 59, 1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59081373
Kim S-Y, Lim S-A. Number of Teeth According to Hand Strength in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of 11,499 South Korean Adults. Medicina. 2023; 59(8):1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59081373
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, So-Yeong, and Sun-A Lim. 2023. "Number of Teeth According to Hand Strength in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of 11,499 South Korean Adults" Medicina 59, no. 8: 1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59081373