Analysis of the Association between Retinal Artery Occlusion and Acute Ischaemic Stroke/ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Risk Factors in Hungarian Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Methods
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Differences in the Prevalence of AIS and STEMI between Age Groups
3.2. Risk-Enhancing Effect of RAO towards AIS and STEMI
3.3. Impact of the Co-Appearance of Cardiovascular Diseases
3.4. Mortality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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RAO | CRAO | BRAO | Control | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 169 | 106 | 63 | 169 |
Both eyes | 2 (1.18%) | 1 (0.94%) | 1 (1.59%) | n.a. *6 |
Mean age | 64.18 ± 10.00 | 64.69 ± 10.48 | 63.33 ± 9.17 | 63.88 ± 10.43 |
Gender (male/female) | 97/72 (57.40%/42.60%) | 67/39 (63.21%/36.79%) | 30/33 (47.62%/52.38%) | 97/72 (57.40%/42.60%) |
AIS *2 | 40 (23.67%) | 25 (23.58%) | 15 (23.81%) | 5 (2.96%) |
AIS before RAO | 13 (7.69%) | 9 (8.49%) | 4 (6.35%) | n.a. |
Average duration (years ± SD *7) | 4.60 ± 4.17 | 5.24 ± 4.60 | 3.17 ± 3.00 | n.a. |
RAO before AIS | 12 (7.10%) | 9 (8.49%) | 3 (4.76%) | n.a. |
Average duration (years ± SD) | 1.58 ± 1.90 | 1.21 ± 1.62 | 2.66 ± 2.66 | n.a. |
STEMI *8 | 32 (18.93%) | 20 (18.87%) | 12 (19.05%) | 9 (5.33%) |
STEMI before RAO | 19 (11.24%) | 10 (9.43%) | 9 (14.29%) | n.a. |
Average duration (years ± SD) | 13.63 ± 7.90 | 10.68 ± 7.92 | 16.90 ± 6.86 | n.a. |
RAO before STEMI | 6 (3.55%) | 5 (4.72%) | 1 (1.59%) | n.a. |
Average duration (years ± SD) | 3.11 ± 10.05 | 2.65 ± 9.15 | 5.41 | n.a. |
HT *4 | 145 (85.80%) | 88 (83.02%) | 57 (90.48%) | 124 (73.37%) |
T1DM *9 | 18 (10.65%) | 14 (13.21%) | 4 (6.35%) | 13 (7.69%) |
T2DM *10 | 38 (22.49%) | 26 (24.53%) | 12 (19.05%) | 26 (15.38%) |
AF *1 | 32 (18.93%) | 20 (18.87%) | 12 (19.05%) | 25 (14.79%) |
HL *3 | 56 (33.14%) | 30 (28.30%) | 26 (41.27%) | 21 (12.43%) |
IHD *5 | 52 (30.77%) | 27 (25.47%) | 25 (39.68%) | 56 (33.14%) |
Mortality | 23 (13.61%) | 14 (13.21%) | 9 (14.29%) | n.a. |
Odds Ratio | p | 95% CI * | |
---|---|---|---|
RAO | 8.18 | <0.001 | 3.09–21.64 |
HT | 4.09 | 0.065 | 0.92–18.27 |
T1DM | 1.12 | 0.831 | 0.39–3.25 |
T2DM | 1.25 | 0.578 | 0.57–2.77 |
AF | 1.66 | 0.203 | 0.76–3.60 |
HL | 1.85 | 0.085 | 0.92–3.72 |
IHD | 0.73 | 0.412 | 0.35–1.55 |
Odds Ratio | p | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|
RAO | 3.10 | 0.007 | 1.36–7.08 |
HT | 7.01 | 0.064 | 0.90–54.87 |
T1DM | 3.51 | 0.013 | 1.31–9.42 |
T2DM | 1.12 | 0.798 | 0.48–2.58 |
AF | 2.35 | 0.030 | 1.08–5.07 |
HL | 2.30 | 0.023 | 1.12–4.72 |
IHD | 2.13 | 0.044 | 1.02–4.46 |
Odds Ratio | p | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|
RAO | 8.18 | <0.001 | 3.09–21.64 |
RAO + AF | 4.36 | 0.001 | 1.83–10.34 |
RAO + HL | 2.66 | 0.009 | 1.28–5.53 |
RAO + HT | 11.65 | <0.001 | 4.44–30.55 |
RAO + HT + T1DM | 25.11 | <0.001 | 4.86–129.71 |
RAO + HT + T2DM | 15.38 | <0.001 | 4.80–49.24 |
RAO + HT + IHD | 10.04 | <0.001 | 3.26–30.94 |
RAO + HT + HL | 2.99 | 0.004 | 1.43–6.25 |
Odds Ratio | p | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|
RAO | 3.10 | 0.007 | 1.36–7.08 |
RAO + AF | 4.92 | <0.001 | 2.09–11.56 |
RAO + HL | 3.34 | 0.002 | 1.56–7.15 |
RAO + HT | 4.93 | <0.001 | 2.24–10.85 |
RAO + HT + T1DM | 4.22 | 0.013 | 1.36–13.15 |
RAO + HT + T2DM | 4.79 | 0.005 | 1.60–14.37 |
RAO + HT + IHD | 5.52 | 0.001 | 2.10–14.53 |
RAO + HT + HL | 3.62 | 0.001 | 1.69–7.78 |
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Balla, S.; Vajas, A.; Pásztor, O.; Rentka, A.; Lukucz, B.; Kasza, M.; Nagy, A.; Fodor, M.; Nagy, V. Analysis of the Association between Retinal Artery Occlusion and Acute Ischaemic Stroke/ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Risk Factors in Hungarian Patients. Medicina 2023, 59, 1680. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091680
Balla S, Vajas A, Pásztor O, Rentka A, Lukucz B, Kasza M, Nagy A, Fodor M, Nagy V. Analysis of the Association between Retinal Artery Occlusion and Acute Ischaemic Stroke/ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Risk Factors in Hungarian Patients. Medicina. 2023; 59(9):1680. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091680
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalla, Szabolcs, Attila Vajas, Orsolya Pásztor, Anikó Rentka, Balázs Lukucz, Márta Kasza, Attila Nagy, Mariann Fodor, and Valéria Nagy. 2023. "Analysis of the Association between Retinal Artery Occlusion and Acute Ischaemic Stroke/ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Risk Factors in Hungarian Patients" Medicina 59, no. 9: 1680. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091680