Fractional CO2 Laser, Radiofrequency and Topical Estrogen for Treating Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Vulvar Vestibule
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.2. Evaluation
2.3. Allocation
2.4. Treatment
2.5. Follow-Up
2.6. Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Study Limitation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
CO2L (N = 20) | BF (N = 17) | ET (N = 11) | ||
Age (years) | ||||
mean ± SD | 54.9 ± 4.8 | 54.2 ± 6.2 | 54.6 ± 3.9 | 0.937 * |
Menopause period (years) | ||||
mean ± SD | 5.1 ± 3.2 | 4.7 ± 2.7 | 4.9 ± 3.1 | 0.953 £ |
Parity | ||||
mean ± SD | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 2 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 0.144 £ |
BMI (Kg/m²) | ||||
mean ± SD | 28.5 ± 6.4 | 28.2 ± 2.7 | 28.8 ± 3 | 0.963 * |
Ethnicity | ||||
White | 13 (65%) | 9 (52.9%) | 10 (90.9%) | 0.082 # |
Not White | 7 (35%) | 8 (47.1%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
Sexually active | 18 (90%) | 17 (100%) | 11(100%) | 0.828 # |
Group | pGroup | ptime | pgroup×time | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2L (N = 20) | RF (N = 17) | ET (N = 11) | ||||
Trofism/vulvar rugae | 0.839 | 0.010 | 0.349 | |||
Pre | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | |||
Post | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | |||
Fissure | 0.064 | 0.240 | 0.932 | |||
Pre | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | |||
Post | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 5 ± 0.1 | |||
Erythema | 0.059 | 0.037 | 0.779 | |||
Pre | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | |||
Post | 4 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | |||
Vulva’s skin color | 0.811 | <0.001 | 0.796 | |||
Pre | 3 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | |||
Post | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | |||
Vulva clinical aspect | 0.918 | 0.017 | 0.186 | |||
Pre n (%) | ||||||
Trophic | 3 (15) | 10 (58.8) | 4 (36.4) | |||
Hypotrophic | 11 (55) | 3 (17.6) | 6 (54.5) | |||
Atrophic | 6 (30) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (9.1) | |||
Post n (%) | ||||||
Trophic | 15 (75) | 9 (52.9) | 8 (72.7) | |||
Hypotrophic | 5 (25) | 7 (41.2) | 2 (18.2) | |||
Atrophic | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (9.1) |
Group | pGroup | pTime | pGroup×time | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2L (N = 20) | RF (N = 17) | ET (N = 11) | ||||
Dermal papillae (n/%) | 0.426 | 0.002 | 0.591 | |||
Pre | 12 (60) | 13 (76.5) | 6 (54.5) | |||
Post | 9 (45) | 8 (47.1) | 3 (27.3) | |||
Hyperkeratosis (n/%) | 0.001 | 0.020 | 0.244 | |||
Pre | 17 (85) | 5 (29.4) | 8 (72.7) | |||
Post | 11 (55) | 1 (5.9) | 8 (72.7) | |||
Medium thickness (mm) | 0.514 | <0.001 | 0.619 | |||
Pre (mean ± SD) | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | |||
Post (mean ± SD) | 2.9 ± 1 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | |||
Number of vessels (n/%) | 0.882 | 0.807 | 0.772 | |||
Pre | ||||||
Enhanced | 3 (15) | 3 (17.6) | 2 (18.2) | |||
Normal | 17 (85) | 14 (82.4) | 9 (81.8) | |||
Post | ||||||
Enhanced | 4 (20) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (9.1) | |||
Normal | 16 (80) | 14 (82.4) | 10 (90.9) | |||
Vascular distribution (n/%) | & | & | & | |||
Pre | ||||||
Subepithelial | 1 (5) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | |||
Uniform | 19 (95) | 15 (88.2) | 11 (100) | |||
Post | ||||||
Subepithelial | 3 (15) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (9.1) | |||
Uniform | 17 (85) | 16 (94.1) | 10 (90.9) |
Group | pGroup | pTime | pGroup×time | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2L (N = 20) | RF (N = 17) | ||||
Vulvar pain | <0.001 | 0.012 | 0.720 | ||
1st session (mean ± SD) | 4.7 ± 2.4 | 6.8 ± 2.3 | |||
2sd session (mean ± SD) | 2.9 ± 2.6 | 5.8 ± 3.3 | |||
3rd session (mean ± SD) | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 5.4 ± 2.8 |
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Campos, M.L.P.; Bianchi-Ferraro, A.M.H.M.; de Oliveira, C.D.; Nogueira, M.C.C.; Sartori, M.G.F.; Fusco, I.; Lugollo, A.F.; De Góis Speck, N.M. Fractional CO2 Laser, Radiofrequency and Topical Estrogen for Treating Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Vulvar Vestibule. Medicina 2024, 60, 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010080
Campos MLP, Bianchi-Ferraro AMHM, de Oliveira CD, Nogueira MCC, Sartori MGF, Fusco I, Lugollo AF, De Góis Speck NM. Fractional CO2 Laser, Radiofrequency and Topical Estrogen for Treating Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Vulvar Vestibule. Medicina. 2024; 60(1):80. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010080
Chicago/Turabian StyleCampos, Madalena Leonor Pereira, Ana Maria Homem Mello Bianchi-Ferraro, Carla Dias de Oliveira, Maria Cristina Caceres Nogueira, Marair Gracio Ferreira Sartori, Irene Fusco, Angela Flavia Lugollo, and Neila Maria De Góis Speck. 2024. "Fractional CO2 Laser, Radiofrequency and Topical Estrogen for Treating Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Vulvar Vestibule" Medicina 60, no. 1: 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010080