The Impact of the Emotional Disposition of Healthcare Workers on the Expression of Adverse Events after Primary Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- N1-methylpseudouridine is used as a substitute for uracil in the genetic code. Decreased cellular immunity can occur as a result of the activation of regulatory T cells, as induced by this modified protein.
- The cells and tissues that are primed to produce spike proteins are damaged by the newly generated antibodies of the spike protein. The organs of the immune system, such as the adrenal gland, may then be damaged after the vascular endothelial cells are damaged by the spike proteins in the bloodstream.
- The effect of neutralizing antibodies in preventing infection may be attenuated by infection-enhancing antibodies. This can cause antibody-dependent enhancement.
- How did adverse events differ in the different age groups of healthcare workers?
- What emotions were experienced before vaccination, and what adverse reactions were experienced after vaccination?
- What was the emotional disposition of study participants working in areas directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting and Participants
Study Instrument
2.2. Data Processing
2.3. Ethics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic (n = 2117) | Value |
---|---|
Age, mean (SD), years | 47.06 (14.2) |
Gender | |
Female Male | 1729 (81.7) 388 (18.3) |
Did not experience AE | 192 (9.1) |
Only local AE | 347 (16.4) |
Systemic (including local) AE | 1578 (74.5) |
Age Group in Years | Total n | Did Not Experience AE n (%) | Experienced Local AE n (%) | Experienced Systemic AE n (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<30 | 374 | 4 (1.07) | 39 (10.43) | 331 (88.55) | <0.001 |
30–46 | 559 | 27 (4.83) | 95 (16.99) | 437 (78.18) | |
47–56 | 556 | 43 (7.73) | 96 (17.27) | 417 (75.00) | |
≥57 | 628 | 118 (18.79) | 117 (18.63) | 393 (62.58) | |
Total | 2117 | 192 (9.07) | 347 (16.39) | 1578 (74.54) |
Emotion | Total n | Anxiety n (%) | Fear n (%) | Happiness n (%) | Ambivalence n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 2117 | 802 (37.88) | 285 (13.46) | 826 (39.02) | 109 (5.15) |
Male | 388 | 79 (20.36) | 25 (6.44) | 199 (51.29) | 22 (5.67) |
Female | 1729 | 723 (41.82) | 260 (15.04) | 627 (36.26) | 87 (5.03) |
p 1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.607 |
Characteristic | Did Not Experience AE n = 192 | Experienced Local AE n = 347 | Experienced Systemic AE n = 1578 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female (n = 1729) | 126 (7.29) | 264 (15.27) | 1339 (77.44) | <0.001 |
Male (n = 388) | 66 (17.01) | 83 (21.39) | 239 (61.60) | |
Age, mean (SD), years | 58.27 (10.911) | 49.67 (13.64) | 45.12 (14.00) | <0.001 |
Emotion | Did Not Experience AE n = 192 | Experienced Local AE n = 347 | Experienced Systemic AE n = 1578 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anxiety | No (0 points) (n = 1315) | 165 (85.9) | 244 (70.3) | 906 (57.4) | <0.001 |
Yes (1–5 points) (n = 802) | 27 (14.1) | 103 (29.7) | 672 (42.6) | ||
Fear | No (0 points) (n = 1832) | 186 (96.9) | 322 (92.8) | 1324 (83.9) | <0.001 |
Yes (1–5 points) (n = 285) | 6 (3.1) | 25 (7.2) | 254 (16.1) | ||
Happiness | No (0 points) (n = 1291) | 143 (74.5) | 213 (61.4) | 935 (59.3) | <0.001 |
Yes (1–5 points) (n = 826) | 49 (25.5) | 134 (38.6) | 643 (40.7) | ||
Ambivalence | No (0 points) (n = 2008) | 185 (96.4) | 328 (94.5) | 1495 (94.7) | 0.605 |
Yes (1–5 points) (n = 109) | 7 (3.6) | 19 (5.5) | 83 (5.3) |
Emotion | Did Not Work Directly | Worked Directly | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anxiety | No (0 points) (n = 1277) | 1001 (62.0) | 276 (60.7) | 0.598 |
Yes (1–5 points) (n = 792) | 613 (38.0) | 179 (39.3) | ||
Fear | No (0 points) (n = 1789) | 1390 (86.1) | 399 (87.7) | 0.387 |
Yes (1–5 points) (n = 280) | 224 (13.9) | 56 (12.3) | ||
Happiness | No (0 points) (n = 1255) | 1024 (63.4) | 231 (50.8) | <0.001 |
Yes (1–5 points) (n = 814) | 590 (36.6) | 224 (49.2) | ||
Ambivalence | No (0 points) (n = 1963) | 1532 (94.9) | 431 (94.7) | 0.868 |
Yes (1–5 points) (n = 106) | 82 (5.1) | 24 (5.3) |
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Sauserienė, J.; Serapinas, D.; Liseckienė, I.; Budrevičiūtė, A.; Vaičiūnienė, R.; Gradauskienė, B.; Tkačiovaitė, E.; Sakalauskaitė, S.; Valius, L. The Impact of the Emotional Disposition of Healthcare Workers on the Expression of Adverse Events after Primary Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Medicina 2024, 60, 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030383
Sauserienė J, Serapinas D, Liseckienė I, Budrevičiūtė A, Vaičiūnienė R, Gradauskienė B, Tkačiovaitė E, Sakalauskaitė S, Valius L. The Impact of the Emotional Disposition of Healthcare Workers on the Expression of Adverse Events after Primary Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Medicina. 2024; 60(3):383. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030383
Chicago/Turabian StyleSauserienė, Jolanta, Danielius Serapinas, Ida Liseckienė, Aida Budrevičiūtė, Rūta Vaičiūnienė, Brigita Gradauskienė, Ema Tkačiovaitė, Sandra Sakalauskaitė, and Leonas Valius. 2024. "The Impact of the Emotional Disposition of Healthcare Workers on the Expression of Adverse Events after Primary Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2" Medicina 60, no. 3: 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030383