Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Males and Urinary Incontinence in Females in Primary Health Care in Greece
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Study Tools and Outcomes
2.3.1. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
2.3.2. International Index of Erectile Function
2.3.3. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF)
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. LUTS in Male Population
3.3. Erectile Dysfunction in Male Population
3.4. LUTS in Female Population
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | |
---|---|
Age (years) | 63 ± 13 |
Age group 40–50 years | 125 (23%) |
Age group 51–64 years | 150 (28%) |
Age group ≥65 years | 261 (49%) |
Gender, male (%) | 206 (38%) |
Education level (n = 512) | |
Primary level | 131 (25%) |
Secondary level | 224 (44%) |
Higher level | 157 (31%) |
Occupational status | 82 (9%) |
Retired | 257 (48%) |
Sedentary work | 161 (30%) |
Manual work | 118 (22%) |
Comorbidities | |
Arterial hypertension | 255 (48%) |
COPD/asthma | 46 (9%) |
Diabetes type 2 | 93 (17%) |
Atrial Fibrillation | 32 (6%) |
Depression (on medication) | 41 (8%) |
Rheumatologic disease | 42 (8%) |
Hyperlipidemia | 184 (34%) |
Symptoms | |
---|---|
Male population | |
IPSS score (range 0–35) (n = 206) | 3 (0, 9) |
Non-Mild (IPSS 0–7 points) | 139 (68%) |
Moderate (IPSS 8–19 points) | 64 (31%) |
Severe (IPSS 20–35 points) | 3 (1%) |
IPSS quality of life score (range 0–6) | 2 (0, 3) |
Poor quality of life (score ≥3) | 46 (25%) |
IIEF-5 (range: 0–25 points) (n = 199) | 10 (4, 20) |
Normal (IIEF-5 22–25 points) | 32 (16%) |
Mild (IIEF-5 17–21 points) | 42 (21%) |
Mild to moderate (IIEF 12–16 points) | 22 (11%) |
Moderate to severe (IIEF 8–11 points) | 22 (11%) |
Severe (IIEF-5 0–7 points) | 81 (41%) |
Female population | |
ICIQ-UI-SF score (range 0–21) | 3 (0, 8) |
ICIQ 0 | 142 (41.7%) |
ICIQ slight (1–5), | 75 (22%) |
ICIQ moderate (6–12), | 100 (29%) |
ICIQ severe (13–18) | 24 (7%) |
ICIQ very severe (19–21) | 1 (0.3%) |
Quality of life due to urinary symptoms total score | 1 (0, 3) |
Poor quality of life (score ≥3) | 106 (31%) |
Characteristics | |||
---|---|---|---|
Non-LUTS | LUTS | p-Value | |
None–mild IPSS | Moderate–severe IPSS | ||
n = 139 | n = 67 | ||
Age (years) | 58 ± 12 | 70 ± 11 | 0.001 |
Age groups | <0.001 | ||
Age group 40–50 years | 52 (37%) | 4 (6%) | |
Age group 51–64 years | 42 (30%) | 11 (16%) | |
Age group ≥65 years | 45 (33%) | 52 (78%) | |
Education level | <0.001 | ||
Primary level | 17 (13%) | 23 (35%) | |
Secondary level | 64 (48%) | 28 (43%) | |
Higher level | 52 (39%) | 14 (22%) | |
Occupational status | <0.001 | ||
Retired | 37 (27%) | 50 (75%) | |
Sedentary work | 38 (27%) | 7 (10%) | |
Manual work | 64 (46%) | 10 (15%) | |
Comorbidities | |||
Arterial hypertension | 52 (37%) | 43 (64%) | <0.001 |
COPD/asthma | 12 (9%) | 9 (13%) | 0.286 |
Diabetes type 2 | 13 (9%) | 25 (37%) | <0.001 |
Atrial Fibrillation | 7 (5%) | 9 (13%) | 0.035 |
Depression (on medication) | 3 (2%) | 5 (8%) | 0.065 |
Rheumatologic disease | 4 (3%) | 2 (3%) | 0.966 |
Hyperlipidemia | 44 (32%) | 35 (52%) | 0.004 |
Characteristics | |||
---|---|---|---|
Non-ED | ED | p-Value | |
None–mild IIEF-5 | Moderate–severe IIEF-5 | ||
n = 74 | n = 125 | ||
Age (years) | 59 ± 9 | 63 ± 15 | 0.001 |
Age groups | <0.001 | ||
Age group 40–50 years | 9 (12%) | 47 (38%) | |
Age group 51–64 years | 45 (61%) | 8 (6%) | |
Age group ≥65 years | 20 (27%) | 71 (56%) | |
Education level | 0.028 | ||
Primary level | 11 (15%) | 28 (23%) | |
Secondary level | 43 (58%) | 47 (38.5%) | |
Higher level | 20 (27%) | 47 (38.5%) | |
Occupational status | <0.001 | ||
Retired | 16 (22%) | 65 (52%) | |
Sedentary work | 21 (28%) | 23 (18%) | |
Manual work | 37 (50%) | 37 (30%) | |
Comorbidities | |||
Arterial hypertension | 28 (38%) | 60 (48%) | 0.163 |
COPD/asthma | 8 (10%) | 12 (10%) | 0.784 |
Diabetes type 2 | 12 (16%) | 25 (20%) | 0.507 |
Atrial Fibrillation | 3 (4%) | 12 (10%) | 0.152 |
Depression (on medication) | 2 (3%) | 6 (5%) | 0.467 |
Rheumatologic disease | 3 (4%) | 2 (2%) | 0.285 |
Hyperlipidemia | 26 (35%) | 49 (39%) | 0.567 |
Characteristics | |||
---|---|---|---|
Non-LUTS | LUTS | p-Value | |
None–slight ICIQ-UI-SF | Moderate–severe ICIQ-UI-SF | ||
n = 217 | n = 125 | ||
Age (years) | 62 ± 13 | 68 ± 13 | 0.001 |
Age groups | <0.001 | ||
Age group 40–50 years | 49 (23%) | 22 (18%) | |
Age group 51–64 years | 79 (36%) | 24 (19%) | |
Age group ≥65 years | 89 (41%) | 79 (63%) | |
Education level | <0.001 | ||
Primary level | 48 (22%) | 50 (40%) | |
Secondary level | 95 (44%) | 51 (41%) | |
Higher level | 74 (34%) | 24 (19%) | |
Occupational status | 0.002 | ||
Retired | 95 (44%) | 79 (63%) | |
Sedentary work | 86 (40%) | 33 (27%) | |
Manual work | 36 (16%) | 13 (10%) | |
Comorbidities | |||
Arterial hypertension | 90 (42%) | 77 (62%) | <0.001 |
COPD/asthma | 19 (9%) | 8 (6%) | 0.837 |
Diabetes type 2 | 20 (9%) | 36 (29%) | <0.001 |
Atrial Fibrillation | 10 (5%) | 7 (6%) | 0.684 |
Depression (on medication) | 19 (9%) | 14 (11%) | 0.461 |
Rheumatologic disease | 21 (10%) | 15 (12%) | 0.500 |
Hyperlipidemia | 57 (26%) | 51 (41%) | 0.005 |
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Gkatzoudi, C.; Bouloukaki, I.; Mamoulakis, C.; Lionis, C.; Tsiligianni, I. Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Males and Urinary Incontinence in Females in Primary Health Care in Greece. Medicina 2024, 60, 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030389
Gkatzoudi C, Bouloukaki I, Mamoulakis C, Lionis C, Tsiligianni I. Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Males and Urinary Incontinence in Females in Primary Health Care in Greece. Medicina. 2024; 60(3):389. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030389
Chicago/Turabian StyleGkatzoudi, Claire, Izolde Bouloukaki, Charalampos Mamoulakis, Christos Lionis, and Ioanna Tsiligianni. 2024. "Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Males and Urinary Incontinence in Females in Primary Health Care in Greece" Medicina 60, no. 3: 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030389