Relationship between Sociodemographic and Health-Related Factors and Sedentary Time in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Intercorrelations between All Variables
3.3. Differences between Sedentary Time Level and Socioeconomic and Health-Related Variables
3.4. Socioeconomic and Health-Related Determinants of Prolonged Sedentary Time
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total (n = 1031) | Men (n = 460) | Women (n = 571) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Age | <65 years | 563 | 54.6 | 250 | 54.3 | 313 | 54.8 |
≥65 years | 468 | 45.4 | 210 | 45.7 | 258 | 45.2 | |
Residential area | Northern | 431 | 41.8 | 172 | 37.4 | 259 | 45.4 |
Central | 237 | 23 | 108 | 23.5 | 129 | 22.6 | |
Southern | 311 | 30.2 | 151 | 32.8 | 160 | 28 | |
Eastern | 52 | 5 | 29 | 6.3 | 23 | 4 | |
Marital status | Married | 872 | 84.6 | 410 | 89.1 | 462 | 80.9 |
Unmarried | 159 | 15.4 | 50 | 10.9 | 109 | 19.1 | |
Work status | Full-time | 319 | 30.9 | 197 | 42.8 | 122 | 21.4 |
Other | 712 | 69.1 | 263 | 57.2 | 449 | 78.6 | |
Education level | ≤Junior high school | 543 | 52.7 | 201 | 43.7 | 342 | 59.9 |
≥High school | 488 | 47.3 | 259 | 56.3 | 229 | 40.1 | |
Living status | Living alone | 76 | 7.4 | 32 | 7 | 44 | 7.7 |
Living with family | 955 | 92.6 | 428 | 93 | 527 | 92.3 | |
PA (min/week) | ≥150 min | 406 | 39.4 | 189 | 41.1 | 217 | 38 |
<150 min | 625 | 60.6 | 271 | 58.9 | 354 | 62 | |
TV time (h/day) | <2 h | 542 | 52.6 | 249 | 54.1 | 293 | 51.3 |
≥2 h | 489 | 47.4 | 211 | 45.9 | 278 | 48.7 | |
ST (h/day) | <6 h | 690 | 66.9 | 292 | 63.5 | 398 | 69.7 |
≥6 h | 341 | 33.1 | 168 | 36.5 | 173 | 30.3 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | Normal (<24) | 576 | 55.9 | 239 | 52 | 337 | 59.1 |
Overweight (≤24–26.9) | 304 | 29.5 | 157 | 34.1 | 147 | 25.7 | |
Obese (≥27) | 151 | 14.6 | 64 | 13.9 | 87 | 15.2 |
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. ST (h/day) | - | 0.080 | −0.63 | 0.126 ** | 0.058 | −0.053 | −0.073 | −0.126 ** | 0.369 ** | 0.062 |
2. Age | 0.027 | - | 0.042 | 0.101 * | 0.295 ** | −0.144 ** | −0.137 ** | 0.016 | 0.133 * | −0.103 * |
3. Residential area | −0.019 | 0.022 | - | 0.001 | 0.025 | −0.091 * | −0.080 | −0.061 | 0.015 | −0.044 |
4. Marital status | 0.075 | 0.274 ** | −0.043 | - | 0.148 ** | −0.088 | −0.342 ** | −0.072 | 0.133 ** | −0.098 * |
5. Work status | −0.058 | 0.297 ** | −0.078 | 0.128 ** | - | −0.041 | −0.037 | −0.035 | 0.196 ** | −0.035 |
6. Education level | 0.035 | −0.207 ** | −0.079 | −0.113 ** | −0.177 ** | - | 0.098 * | −0.086 | −0.154 ** | 0.020 |
7. Living status | −0.074 | −0.172 ** | −0.022 | −0.348 ** | −0.033 | 0.007 | - | 0.033 | −0.160 ** | 0.008 |
8. PA (min/week) | −0.168 ** | −0.020 | −0.092 * | −0.042 | 0.003 | −0.009 | 0.014 | - | −0.005 | −0.004 |
9. TV time (h/day) | 0.357 ** | 0.057 | −0.062 | 0.133 ** | 0.154 ** | −0.056 | −0.025 | −0.106 * | - | 0.087 |
10. BMI (kg/m2) | 0.089 * | 0.075 | −0.042 | 0.062 | 0.090 * | −0.285 ** | 0.017 | −0.004 | 0.224 ** | - |
Variable | Sedentary Time Level | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 460) | Women (n = 571) | ||||||||
<6 h (n, %) | ≥6 h (n, %) | χ2 | p † | <6 h (n, %) | ≥6 h (n, %) | χ2 | p † | ||
Age | <65 years | 167 (66.8) | 83 (33.2) | 1.265 | 0.261 | 237 (69.8) | 76 (30.2) | 0.335 | 0.563 |
≥65 years | 129 (61.8) | 81 (38.2) | 175 (67.6) | 83 (32.4) | |||||
Residential area | Northern | 105 (61) | 67 (39) | 2.371 | 0.499 | 177 (68) | 82 (32) | 1.355 | 0.716 |
Central | 70 (64.7) | 38 (35.3) | 88 (67.9) | 41 (32.1) | |||||
Southern | 104 (68.9) | 47 (31.1) | 112 (69.4) | 48 (30.6) | |||||
Eastern | 18 (60.7) | 11 (39.3) | 19 (79.2) | 4 (20.8) | |||||
Marital status | Married | 270 (65.8) | 140 (34.2) | 3.836 | 0.049 | 329 (71.2) | 133 (28.8) | 5.932 | 0.015 |
Unmarried | 26 (51.1) | 24 (48.9) | 66 (59.7) | 43 (40.3) | |||||
Work status | Full-time | 138 (69.8) | 59 (30.2) | 4.950 | 0.026 | 74 (60.3) | 48 (39.7) | 4.849 | 0.028 |
Other | 158 (59.9) | 105 (40.1) | 319 (70.9) | 130 (29.1) | |||||
Education level | ≤Junior high school | 131 (64.8) | 70 (35.2) | 0.067 | 0.796 | 239 (69.7) | 103 (30.3) | 0.982 | 0.322 |
≥High school | 165 (63.6) | 94 (36.4) | 149 (64.7) | 80 (35.3) | |||||
Living status | Living alone | 14 (48.4) | 18 (51.6) | 3.714 | 0.054 | 25 (55.1) | 19 (44.9) | 4.700 | 0.030 |
Living with family | 281 (65.5) | 147 (34.5) | 370 (70.1) | 157 (29.9) | |||||
PA (min/week) | ≥150 min | 135 (71.3) | 54 (28.7) | 6.851 | 0.009 | 162 (74.4) | 55 (25.6) | 5.365 | 0.021 |
<150 min | 162 (59.6) | 109 (40.4) | 232 (65.4) | 122 (34.6) | |||||
TV time (h/day) | <2 h | 191 (76.7) | 58 (23.3) | 38.35 | <0.001 | 237 (80.7) | 56 (19.3) | 37.129 | <0.001 |
≥2 h | 103 (48.8) | 108 (51.2) | 160 (57.2) | 118 (42.8) | |||||
BMI (kg/m2) | Normal | 158 (65.9) | 81 (34.1) | 1.038 | 0.595 | 240 (71.1) | 97 (28.9) | 4.406 | 0.110 |
Overweight | 102 (64.4) | 55 (35.6) | 102 (68.9) | 45 (31.1) | |||||
Obese | 38 (59.1) | 26 (40.9) | 53 (59.8) | 34 (40.2) |
Variable | High ST (≥6 h) in Men † | High ST (≥6 h) in Women † | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted ‡ | Unadjusted | Adjusted ‡ | |||||
OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
Age | ||||||||
<65 years | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||||
≥65 years | 1.38 (0.91–2.09) | 0.137 | 1.22 (0.79–1.89) | 0.362 | 0.96 (0.65–1.43) | 0.857 | 1.08 (0.71–1.63) | 0.692 |
Residential area | ||||||||
Northern | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||||
Central | 0.87 (0.51–1.49) | 0.622 | 0.86 (0.69–1.89) | 0.165 | 1.28 (0.79–2.08) | 0.322 | 0.74 (0.72–1.66) | 0.215 |
Southern | 0.86 (0.52–1.37) | 0.509 | 0.85 (0.38–1.17) | 0.331 | 0.78 (0.49–1.26) | 0.316 | 1.22 (0.89–2.13) | 0.459 |
Eastern | 1.04 (0.44–2.48) | 0.934 | 0.79 (0.52–1.22) | 0.844 | 0.43 (0.14–1.27) | 0.134 | 0.44 (0.27–1.64) | 0.778 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Married | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||||
Unmarried | 1.20 (0.60–2.38) | 0.617 | 1.44 (0.69–3.01) | 0.332 | 2.21 (1.33–3.68) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.28–2.27) | 0.010 |
Work status | ||||||||
Full-time | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||||
Other | 1.02 (0.67–1.54) | 0.935 | 0.86 (0.55–1.34) | 0.516 | 0.67 (0.41–1.08) | 0.109 | 0.72 (0.38–1.81) | 0.176 |
Education level | ||||||||
≤Junior high school | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||||
≥High school | 1.23 (0.81–1.86) | 0.333 | 1.09 (0.70–1.70) | 0.693 | 1.77 (1.18–2.66) | 0.012 | 1.63 (1.05–2.19) | 0.021 |
Living status | ||||||||
Living alone | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||||
Living with family | 0.84 (0.36–1.97) | 0.704 | 0.55 (0.23–1.32) | 0.188 | 0.71 (0.34–1.48) | 0.367 | 0.49 (0.23–1.01) | 0.545 |
PA | ||||||||
≥150 min | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||||
<150 min | 1.80 (1.18–2.75) | 0.010 | 1.61 (1.09–2.14) | 0.032 | 1.52 (1.01–2.28) | 0.043 | 1.47 (1.11–2.87) | 0.024 |
TV time | ||||||||
<2 h | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||||
≥2 h | 3.21 (2.14–4.81) | <0.001 | 3.29 (2.17–4.99) | <0.001 | 3.53 (2.35–5.31) | <0.001 | 3.56 (2.36–5.37) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
Normal | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||||
Overweight | 0.97 (0.62–1.52) | 0.891 | 1.10 (0.83–1.47) | 0.487 | 0.97 (0.60–1.54) | 0.885 | 1.16 (0.89–1.50) | 0.266 |
Obese | 1.29 (0.70–2.35) | 0.417 | 1.31 (0.76–2.44) | 0.314 | 1.51 (0.87–2.61) | 0.146 | 1.22 (0.53–1.23) | 0.493 |
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Huang, H.-C.; Chang, S.-H.; Yang, X. Relationship between Sociodemographic and Health-Related Factors and Sedentary Time in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Taiwan. Medicina 2024, 60, 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030444
Huang H-C, Chang S-H, Yang X. Relationship between Sociodemographic and Health-Related Factors and Sedentary Time in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Taiwan. Medicina. 2024; 60(3):444. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030444
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Hung-Chin, Shao-Hsi Chang, and Xiaolin Yang. 2024. "Relationship between Sociodemographic and Health-Related Factors and Sedentary Time in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Taiwan" Medicina 60, no. 3: 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030444