Krüppel-like Factor-4-Mediated Macrophage Polarization and Phenotypic Transitions Drive Intestinal Fibrosis in THP-1 Monocyte Models In Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Lines and Culture Methods
2.2. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cell-Derived Small Intestinal Organoids (HIOs)
2.3. Scratch-Wound Healing Assay
2.4. Transwell Migration Assay
2.5. RNA Extraction, Reverse Transcription, and Real-Time PCR
2.6. Western Blot Analysis
2.7. Transfection
2.8. Immunofluorescence Staining
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Phenotypes of Macrophage Subtypes and Differences in KLF4 Expression
3.2. Effect of KLF4 Knockdown on Macrophage Polarization and Inflammatory Phenotype Induction
3.3. Macrophage Subtypes Modulate Intestinal Fibrosis
3.4. Macrophage Polarization and Fibrosis Modulation in the Intestinal Stromal Myofibroblast Environment
3.5. Characterization of Inflammatory and Fibrotic Responses in an IBD Model Using HIOs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Kanno, T.; Katano, T.; Shimura, T.; Tanaka, M.; Nishie, H.; Fukusada, S.; Ozeki, K.; Ogawa, I.; Iwao, T.; Matsunaga, T.; et al. Krüppel-like Factor-4-Mediated Macrophage Polarization and Phenotypic Transitions Drive Intestinal Fibrosis in THP-1 Monocyte Models In Vitro. Medicina 2024, 60, 713. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050713
Kanno T, Katano T, Shimura T, Tanaka M, Nishie H, Fukusada S, Ozeki K, Ogawa I, Iwao T, Matsunaga T, et al. Krüppel-like Factor-4-Mediated Macrophage Polarization and Phenotypic Transitions Drive Intestinal Fibrosis in THP-1 Monocyte Models In Vitro. Medicina. 2024; 60(5):713. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050713
Chicago/Turabian StyleKanno, Takuya, Takahito Katano, Takaya Shimura, Mamoru Tanaka, Hirotada Nishie, Shigeki Fukusada, Keiji Ozeki, Isamu Ogawa, Takahiro Iwao, Tamihide Matsunaga, and et al. 2024. "Krüppel-like Factor-4-Mediated Macrophage Polarization and Phenotypic Transitions Drive Intestinal Fibrosis in THP-1 Monocyte Models In Vitro" Medicina 60, no. 5: 713. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050713