An Artificial Neural Network Predicts Gender Differences of Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Patients with Advanced Parkinson’s Disease under Levodopa–Carbidopa Intestinal Gel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Multivariate Linear Regression Model
3.2. Mathematical Modeling
3.3. Time Series Models
3.4. LSTM Network
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations and Strengths
4.2. Future Research Directions/Possible Applications of the Research
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Men (before LCIG Treatment) | Men (after LCIG Treatment) | Women (before LCIG Treatment) | Women (after LCIG Treatment) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 70 ± 12.08 | - | 73.45 ± 8.35 | - |
PD Duration | 14.3 ± 4.83 | - | 14.27 ± 6.52 | - |
GDS | 8.18 ± 2.09 | - | 6.7 ± 2.62 | - |
Dyskinesia Duration | 1.86 ± 0.16 | 0.67 ± 0.17 | 3.01 ± 0.15 | 1.49 ± 0.18 |
“Off” Duration | 5.26 ± 0.25 | 4.57 ± 0.43 | 5.94 ± 0.25 | 4.73 ± 0.52 |
NMSQ | 9.15 ± 0.24 | 7.89 ± 0.84 | 11.01 ± 0.15 | 9.53 ± 1.27 |
UPDRS-III (state off) | 32.55 ± 4.78 | 33.76 ± 3.43 | 28.45 ± 2.03 | 23.79 ± 4.78 |
UPDRS-IV | 2.14 ± 0.12 | 2.34 ± 0.93 | 4.11 ± 0.25 | 3.90 ± 0.09 |
HY | 2.21± 0.18 | 2.04 ± 0.08 | 1.88 ± 0.10 | 1.75 ± 0.20 |
PDQ-39 | 37.31 ± 0.94 | 30.77 ± 1.30 | 37.67 ± 0.59 | 29.61 ± 2.19 |
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Bougea, A.; Derikvand, T.; Efthimiopoulou, E. An Artificial Neural Network Predicts Gender Differences of Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Patients with Advanced Parkinson’s Disease under Levodopa–Carbidopa Intestinal Gel. Medicina 2024, 60, 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060873
Bougea A, Derikvand T, Efthimiopoulou E. An Artificial Neural Network Predicts Gender Differences of Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Patients with Advanced Parkinson’s Disease under Levodopa–Carbidopa Intestinal Gel. Medicina. 2024; 60(6):873. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060873
Chicago/Turabian StyleBougea, Anastasia, Tajedin Derikvand, and Efthymia Efthimiopoulou. 2024. "An Artificial Neural Network Predicts Gender Differences of Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Patients with Advanced Parkinson’s Disease under Levodopa–Carbidopa Intestinal Gel" Medicina 60, no. 6: 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060873