Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression among Women in Eastern Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Subjects and Study Design
2.3. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.4. Sampling Technique
2.5. Data Collection
2.6. Sample Size Calculation
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations of the Study
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | |||
---|---|---|---|
The median (interquartile range) of | Median | Interquartile range | |
Maternal age, years | 30 | 25.0–34.0 | |
Parity | 2 | 1–4 | |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.9 | 26.04–31.5 | |
Frequency (proportion) | Total (N = 300) | Percentage (%) | |
Financial support | No | 292 | 97.3 |
Yes | 8 | 2.7 | |
Medical insurance | No | 157 | 52.3 |
Yes | 143 | 47.7 | |
Maternal education status | ≥Primary | 166 | 53.3 |
<Primary | 134 | 44.7 | |
Maternal employment status | Employed | 44 | 14.7 |
Housewife | 256 | 85.3 | |
Residence | Rural | 49 | 16.3 |
Urban | 251 | 83.7 | |
Planned pregnancy | No | 167 | 55.7 |
Yes | 133 | 44.3 | |
Did you know the baby’s sex before delivery | No | 135 | 45.0 |
Yes | 165 | 55.0 | |
History of miscarriage | No | 172 | 57.3 |
Yes | 138 | 42.7 | |
History of intrauterine fetal death | No | 255 | 85.0 |
Yes | 45 | 15.0 | |
Past history of depression | No | 279 | 93.0 |
Yes | 21 | 7.0 | |
Family history of depression | No | 257 | 85.7 |
Yes | 43 | 14.3 |
Variables | Women with Postpartum Depression N = 31 | Women without Postpartum Depression N = 269 | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The median (interquartile range) of | |||||
Maternal age, years | 30.0 (23.0–35.0) | 29 (25.0–34.0) | 0.99 (0.94–1.06) | 0.899 | |
Parity | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 1.02 (0.85–1.23) | 0.831 | |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.3 (24.3–30.0) | 29.0 (26.2–31.6) | 0.91 (0.83–1.01) | 0.063 | |
Frequency (proportion) | |||||
Financial support | No | 29 (93.5) | 263 (97.8) | 0.33 (0.06–1.72) | 0.188 |
Yes | 2 (6.5) | 6 (2.2) | Reference | ||
Medical insurance | No | 16 (51.6) | 141 (52.4) | 0.97 (0.46–2.04) | 0.932 |
Yes | 15 (48.4) | 128 (47.6) | Reference | ||
Maternal education status | ≥Primary | 22 (71.0) | 144 (53.5) | Reference | 0.069 |
<Primary | 9 (29.0) | 125 (46.5) | 0.47 (0.20–1.06) | ||
Maternal employment status | Employed | 5 (16.1) | 39 (14.5) | 1.13 (0.41–3.13) | 0.808 |
Housewife | 26 (83.9) | 230 (85.5) | Reference | ||
Residence | Rural | 6 (19.4) | 43 (16.0) | 0.79 (0.31−2.04) | 0.631 |
Urban | 25 (80.6) | 226 (84.0) | Reference | ||
Planned pregnancy | No | 19 (61.3) | 148 (55.0) | 1.29 (0.60–2.77) | 0.507 |
Yes | 12 (38.7) | 121 (45) | Reference | ||
Did you know the baby’s sex before delivery? | No | 13 (41.9) | 122 (45.4) | 0.82 (0.51–1.31) | 0.402 |
Yes | 18 (58.1) | 147 (54.7) | Reference | ||
History of abortion | No | 16 (51.6) | 156 (58) | Reference | 0.150 |
Yes | 15 (48.4) | 113 (42) | 1.33 (0.90–1.96) | ||
History of intrauterine fetal death | No | 27 (87.1) | 228 (84.8) | Reference | 0.730 |
Yes | 4 (12.9) | 41 (15.2) | 1.21 (0.40–3.65) | ||
Past history of depression | No | 26 (83.9) | 253 (94.1) | Reference | 0.044 |
Yes | 5 (16.1) | 16 (5.9) | 3.04 (1.03–8.97) | ||
Family history of depression | No | 23 (74.2) | 234 (87) | Reference | 0.060 |
Yes | 8 (25.8) | 35 (13) | 0.43 (0.18–1.04) |
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Nasralla, K.; Omar, S.; Alharbi, G.; Aljarallah, F.; AlHabardi, N.; Adam, I. Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression among Women in Eastern Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina 2024, 60, 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60071167
Nasralla K, Omar S, Alharbi G, Aljarallah F, AlHabardi N, Adam I. Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression among Women in Eastern Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina. 2024; 60(7):1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60071167
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasralla, Khalid, Saeed Omar, Ghusun Alharbi, Fai Aljarallah, Nadiah AlHabardi, and Ishag Adam. 2024. "Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression among Women in Eastern Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study" Medicina 60, no. 7: 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60071167