Factors Associated with Quality of Life among People with Atrial Fibrillation: Jordan Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design and Sampling
2.2. Sample Size Estimation
2.3. Ethical Considerations
2.4. Instrument
2.5. Data Collection Procedure
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Jonas, D.E.; Kahwati, L.C.; Yun, J.D.; Middleton, J.C.; Coker-Schwimmer, M.; Asher, G.N. Screening for atrial fibrillation with electrocardiography: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2018, 320, 485–498. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jones, N.R.; Taylor, C.J.; Hobbs, F.R.; Bowman, L.; Casadei, B. Screening for atrial fibrillation: A call for evidence. Eur. Heart J. 2020, 41, 1075–1085. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Engdahl, J.; Rosenqvist, M. Large-scale screening studies for atrial fibrillation—Is it worth the effort? J. Intern. Med. 2021, 289, 474–492. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kornej, J.; Börschel, C.S.; Benjamin, E.J.; Schnabel, R.B. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in the 21st century:Novel methods and new insights. Circ. Res. 2020, 127, 4–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jiao, M.; Liu, C.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Gao, Q.; Ma, A. Estimates of the global, regional, and national burden of atrial fibrillation in older adults from 1990 to 2019: Insights from the global burden of disease study 2019. Front. Public Health 2023, 11, 1137230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Son, Y.-J.; Baek, K.-H.; Lee, S.J.; Seo, E.J. Health-related quality of life and associated factors in patients with atrial fibrillation: An integrative literature review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Charitakis, E.; Barmano, N.; Walfridsson, U.; Walfridsson, H. Factors predicting arrhythmia-related symptoms and health-related quality of life in patients referred for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation: An observational study (the SMURF Study). JACC Clin. Electrophysiol. 2017, 3, 494–502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, L.; Gallagher, R.; Neubeck, L. Health-related quality of life in atrial fibrillation patients over 65 years: A review. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 2015, 22, 987–1002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Curry, S.J.; Krist, A.H.; Owens, D.K.; Barry, M.J.; Caughey, A.B.; Davidson, K.W.; Doubeni, C.A.; Epling, J.W.; Kemper, A.R.; Kubik, M. Screening for atrial fibrillation with electrocardiography: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA 2018, 320, 478–484. [Google Scholar]
- Randolph, T.C.; Simon, D.N.; Thomas, L.; Allen, L.A.; Fonarow, G.C.; Gersh, B.J.; Kowey, P.R.; Reiffel, J.A.; Naccarelli, G.V.; Chan, P.S. Patient factors associated with quality of life in atrial fibrillation. Am. Heart J. 2016, 182, 135–143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Son, Y.-J.; Seo, E.J. Impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on health-related quality of life in older adults with atrial fibrillation. Res. Gerontol. Nurs. 2018, 11, 207–215. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Taylor, E.C.; O’Neill, M.; Hughes, L.D.; Moss-Morris, R. Atrial fibrillation, quality of life and distress: A cluster analysis of cognitive and behavioural responses. Qual. Life Res. 2022, 31, 1415–1425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Abu, H.O.; Saczynski, J.S.; Mehawej, J.; Tisminetzky, M.; Kiefe, C.I.; Goldberg, R.J.; McManus, D.D. Clinically meaningful change in quality of life and associated factors among older patients with atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2020, 9, e016651. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ha, A.C.; Labos, C.; Dorian, P.; Mancini, G.J.; Cox, J.L.; Gladstone, D.J.; Lockwood, E.E.; Singh, N.; Shuaib, A.; Padarath, M. Factors associated with changes in quality of life among atrial fibrillation patients in real-world clinical practice: Findings from the Prospective Canadian SPRINT-AF Registry. Circulation 2019, 140, A13939. [Google Scholar]
- Ha, A.C.; Labos, C.; Kajil, M.; Tsigoulis, M.; Cox, J.; Dorian, P.; Mancini, G.J.; Gladstone, D.; Lockwood, E.; Shuaib, A. Factors associated with impaired quality of life among atrial fibrillation patients in real-world clinical practice: Insights from the prospective sprint-af registry. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2018, 71, A520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jordan High Health Council. The National Strategy for Health Sector in Jordan 2016–2020. Available online: http://www.hhc.gov.jo/uploadedimages/The%20National%20Strategy%20for%20Health%20Sector%20in%20Jordan%202015-2019.pdf (accessed on 10 May 2024).
- Khader, Y.; Al Nsour, M.; Abu Khudair, S.; Saad, R.; Tarawneh, M.R.; Lami, F. Strengthening Primary Healthcare in Jordan for Achieving Universal Health Coverage: A Need for Family Health Team Approach. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2993. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saifan, A.R.; Hayeah, H.A.; Ibrahim, A.M.; Dimitri, A.; Alsaraireh, M.M.; Alakash, H.; Yateem, N.A.; Zaghamir, D.E.; Elshatarat, R.A.; Subu, M.A. Experiences on health-related quality of life of Jordanian patients living with heart failure: A qualitative study. PLoS ONE 2024, 19, e0298893. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kotecha, D.; Ahmed, A.; Calvert, M.; Lencioni, M.; Terwee, C.B.; Lane, D.A. Patient-reported outcomes for quality of life assessment in atrial fibrillation: A systematic review of measurement properties. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0165790. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sale, A.; Yu, J. Quality of life instruments in atrial fibrillation: A systematic review of measurement properties. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 2022, 20, 143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spertus, J.; Dorian, P.; Bubien, R.; Lewis, S.; Godejohn, D.; Reynolds, M.R.; Lakkireddy, D.R.; Wimmer, A.P.; Bhandari, A.; Burk, C. Development and validation of the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-Life (AFEQT) Questionnaire in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2011, 4, 15–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Güneş, F.; Boyraz, S. Effect of atrial fibrillation on quality of life (AFEQT) questionnaire: A Turkish validity and reliability study. Turk. Kardiyol. Dern. Ars. 2021, 49, 223–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tailachidis, P.; Tsimtsiou, Z.; Galanis, P.; Theodorou, M.; Kouvelas, D.; Athanasakis, K. The Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-Life (AFEQT) questionnaire: Cultural adaptation and validation of the Greek version. Hippokratia 2016, 20, 264. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Steiner, D.L.; Norman, G.R. Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Thier Development and Use; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 1995. [Google Scholar]
- DeVellis, R.F.; Thorpe, C.T. Scale Development: Theory and Applications; Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 2021. [Google Scholar]
- Seaman, M.A. Nonparametric statistics. In The Reviewer’s Guide to Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences; Routledge: London, UK, 2018; pp. 362–379. [Google Scholar]
- Andrade, J.G.; Macle, L.; Verma, A.; Deyell, M.W.; Champagne, J.; Dubuc, M.; Leong-Sit, P.; Novak, P.; Roux, J.-F.; Sapp, J. Quality of life and health care utilization in the CIRCA-DOSE study. Clin. Electrophysiol. 2020, 6, 935–944. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pius, C.; Ahmad, H.; Snowdon, R.; Ashrafi, R.; Waktare, J.E.; Borbas, Z.; Luther, V.; Mahida, S.; Modi, S.; Hall, M. Impact of COVID-19 on patients awaiting ablation for atrial fibrillation. Open Heart 2022, 9, e001969. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, J.; Wang, Q.; Bao, Z.; Peng, Y.; Liu, S.; Yu, T.; Wang, L.; Yang, G.; Gao, M.; Sun, G. The combined effects of patient activation and relational aspects on the quality of life in atrial fibrillation patients. Front. Psychol. 2021, 12, 761149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rush, K.L.; Seaton, C.L.; Burton, L.; Loewen, P.; O’Connor, B.P.; Moroz, L.; Corman, K.; Smith, M.A.; Andrade, J.G. Quality of life among patients with atrial fibrillation: A theoretically-guided cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 2023, 18, e0291575. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mitrani, L.R.; Goldenthal, I.; Leskowitz, J.; Wan, E.Y.; Dizon, J.; Saluja, D.; Creber, R.M.; Turchioe, M.R.; Sciacca, R.R.; Garan, H. Risk factor management of atrial fibrillation using mHealth: The Atrial Fibrillation–Helping Address Care with Remote Technology (AF-HEART) Pilot Study. Cardiovasc. Digit. Health J. 2022, 3, 14–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Theunissen, L.J.; Cremers, H.P.; van Veghel, D.; van der Voort, P.H.; Polak, P.E.; de Jong, S.F.; Smits, G.; Dijkmans, J.; Kemps, H.M.; Dekker, L.R. Age-dependency of EHRA improvement based on quality of life at diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. J. Arrhythmia 2022, 38, 50–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ikemura, N.; Spertus, J.A.; Kimura, T.; Katsumata, Y.; Fujisawa, T.; Ueda, I.; Fukuda, K.; Takatsuki, S.; Kohsaka, S. Baseline and postprocedural health status outcomes in contemporary patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent catheter ablation: A report from the Japanese outpatient registry. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2021, 10, e019983. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Angaran, P.; Mariano, Z.; Dragan, V.; Zou, L.; Atzema, C.L.; Mangat, I.; Dorian, P. The atrial fibrillation therapies after ER visit: Outpatient care for patients with acute AF-the AFTER3 study. J. Atr. Fibrillation 2015, 7, 1187. [Google Scholar]
- Semaan, S.; Dewland, T.A.; Tison, G.H.; Nah, G.; Vittinghoff, E.; Pletcher, M.J.; Olgin, J.E.; Marcus, G.M. Physical activity and atrial fibrillation: Data from wearable fitness trackers. Heart Rhythm 2020, 17, 842–846. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guhl, E.; Althouse, A.; Sharbaugh, M.; Pusateri, A.M.; Paasche-Orlow, M.; Magnani, J.W. Association of income and health-related quality of life in atrial fibrillation. Open Heart 2019, 6, e000974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guhl, E.; Althouse, A.D.; Pusateri, A.M.; Kimani, E.; Paasche-Orlow, M.K.; Bickmore, T.W.; Magnani, J.W. The atrial fibrillation health literacy information technology trial: Pilot trial of a mobile health app for atrial fibrillation. JMIR Cardio 2020, 4, e17162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Silavanich, V.; Nathisuwan, S.; Phrommintikul, A.; Permsuwan, U. Relationship of medication adherence and quality of life among heart failure patients. Heart Lung 2019, 48, 105–110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Al-Bataineh, R.; Al-Hammouri, M.; Al-Jaraideh, W.a. The accessibility and quality of health services for diabetes mellitus and chronic respiratory disease patients during COVID-19 in Northern Jordan: A mixed method study. PLoS ONE 2023, 18, e0294655. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Al-Qudimat, A.R.; Ameen, A.; Sabir, D.M.; Alkharraz, H.; Elaarag, M.; Althani, A.; Singh, K.; Alhimoney, W.M.; Al-Zoubi, R.M.; Aboumarzouk, O.M. The association of hypertension with increased mortality rate during the COVID-19 pandemic: An update with meta-analysis. J. Epidemiol. Glob. Health 2023, 13, 495–503. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vanleerberghe, P.; De Witte, N.; Claes, C.; Verté, D. The association between frailty and quality of life when aging in place. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 2019, 85, 103915. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tasioudi, L.; Aravantinou-Karlatou, A.; Karavasileiadou, S.; Almegewly, W.H.; Androulakis, E.; Kleisiaris, C. The impact of frailty and geriatric syndromes on the quality of life of older adults receiving home-based healthcare: A cross-sectional survey. Healthcare 2022, 11, 82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Uhe, T.; Beimel, S.; Langhammer, R.; Stegmann, T.; Hindricks, G.; Laufs, U.; Dagres, N.; Wachter, R. Patients’ attitude towards a sham-controlled trial on pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 2022, 111, 114–123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Natale, A.; Calkins, H.; Osorio, J.; Pollak, S.J.; Melby, D.; Marchlinski, F.E.; Athill, C.A.; Delaughter, C.; Patel, A.M.; Gentlesk, P.J. Positive Clinical Benefit on Patient Care, Quality of Life, and Symptoms After Contact Force–Guided Radiofrequency Ablation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Analyses From the PRECEPT Prospective Multicenter Study. Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2021, 14, e008867. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raine, D.; Langley, P.; Shepherd, E.; Lord, S.; Murray, S.; Murray, A.; Bourke, J.P. Effect of catheter ablation on quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation and its correlation with arrhythmia outcome. Open Heart 2015, 2, e000302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gisi, B.; Althouse, A.D.; Mathier, A.S.; Pusateri, A.; Rollman, B.L.; LaRosa, A.; Magnani, J.W. The unmeasured burden: Contribution of depression and psychological stress to patient-reported outcomes in atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Cardiol. 2020, 302, 75–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nakamaru, R.; Ikemura, N.; Kimura, T.; Katsumata, Y.; Sherrod, C.F.; Miyama, H.; Shiraishi, Y.; Kanki, H.; Negishi, K.; Ueda, I. Discontinuation of Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: Impact of Treatment Strategy and on Patients’ Health Status. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 7712. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kotecha, D. 2020 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur. Heart J. 2020, 42, 373–498. [Google Scholar]
- Cherian, T.S.; Shrader, P.; Fonarow, G.C.; Allen, L.A.; Piccini, J.P.; Peterson, E.D.; Thomas, L.; Kowey, P.R.; Gersh, B.J.; Mahaffey, K.W. Effect of atrial fibrillation on mortality, stroke risk, and quality-of-life scores in patients with heart failure (from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation [ORBIT-AF]). Am. J. Cardiol. 2017, 119, 1763–1769. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Overall (n = 620) | Quartile 1 (0–14.4) (n = 155) | Quartile 2 (14.5–21.3) (n = 157) | Quartile 3 (21.4–31.9) (n = 153) | Quartile 4 (32.0–100) (n = 155) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 63.0 (54.0–70.5) | 64.0 (55.0–70.0) | 65.0 (55.0–72.0) | 63.0 (54.0–71.0) | 58.0 (53.0–67.0) | 0.002 |
Female | 312 (50.3) | 77 (49.7) | 75 (47.8) | 86 (56.2) | 74 (47.7) | 0.397 |
Past medical history | ||||||
Hypertension | 449 (72.4) | 117 (75.5) | 118 (75.2) | 99 (64.7) | 115 (74.2) | 0.106 |
Diabetes | 323 (52.1) | 107 (69) | 91 (58) | 65 (42.5) | 60 (38.7) | 0.000 |
Smoker | 105 (16.9) | 30 (19.4) | 28 (17.8) | 19 (12.4) | 28 (18.1) | 0.377 |
Dyslipidemia | 324 (52.3) | 104 (67.1) | 95 (60.5) | 67 (43.8) | 58 (37.4) | 0.000 |
Stroke | 78 (12.6) | 26 (16.8) | 21 (13.4) | 21 (13.7) | 10 (6.5) | 0.045 |
Systemic embolization other than stroke | 10 (1.6) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) | 5 (3.2) | 0.373 F |
Pulmonary Hypertension | 157 (25.5) | 55 (35.5) | 34 (21.8) | 31 (20.4) | 37 (24.2) | 0.009 |
Ablation | 11 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | 8 (5.2) | 0.001 F |
Occluded device | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0.621 F |
Electric cardioversion | 38 (6.1) | 8 (5.2) | 10 (6.4) | 6 (3.9) | 14 (9) | 0.280 |
Permanent pacemaker | 9 (1.5) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) | 4 (2.6) | 2 (1.3) | 0.517 |
Comorbidities | 397 (64.0) | 132 (85.2) | 103 (65.6) | 88 (57.5) | 74 (47.7) | 0.000 |
Comorbid conditions | ||||||
Sleep apnea | 19 (3.1) | 5 (3.2) | 7 (4.5) | 1 (0.7) | 6 (3.9) | 0.286 |
New stroke | 45 (7.3) | 16 (10.3) | 11 (7) | 9 (5.9) | 9 (5.8) | 0.378 |
Thyroid disease | 62 (10) | 15 (9.7) | 14 (8.9) | 12 (7.8) | 21 (13.5) | 0.364 |
Chronic kidney disease | 46 (7.4) | 16 (10.3) | 14 (8.9) | 4 (2.6) | 12 (7.7) | 0.056 |
Cancer | 22 (3.5) | 6 (3.9) | 5 (3.2) | 6 (3.9) | 5 (3.2) | 0.975 |
CAD | 148 (23.9) | 70 (45.2) | 39 (24.8) | 26 (17) | 13 (8.4) | 0.000 |
HF | 184 (29.7) | 75 (48.4) | 43 (27.4) | 36 (23.5) | 30 (19.4) | 0.000 |
Cardiovascular | 325 (52.4) | 113 (72.9) | 83 (52.9) | 78 (51) | 51 (32.9) | 0.000 |
Valve disease | 84 (13.5) | 15 (9.7) | 22 (14) | 34 (22.2) | 13 (8.4) | 0.002 |
DVT/PE | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 F |
WPW | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.249 F |
HOCM | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0.247 F |
COPD or Lung fibrosis | 45 (7.3) | 25 (16.1) | 13 (8.1) | 4 (2.6) | 3 (1.9) | 0.000 |
AF symptoms | ||||||
Palpitations | 297 (47.9) | 74 (47.7) | 71 (45.2) | 78 (51) | 74 (47.7) | 0.793 |
Fatigue | 149 (24) | 31 (20) | 42 (26.8) | 38 (24.8) | 38 (24.5) | 0.554 |
Dizziness | 81 (13.1) | 14 (9) | 23 (14.6) | 25 (16.3) | 19 (12.3) | 0.313 |
SOB | 227 (36.6) | 53 (34.2) | 59 (37.6) | 61 (39.9) | 54 (34.8) | 0.714 |
Syncope | 12 (1.9) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | 7 (4.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0.093 F |
Chest pain | 5 (0.8) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.3) | 0.555 F |
Asymptomatic | 151 (24.4) | 41 (26.5) | 39 (24.8) | 36 (23.5) | 35 (22.6) | 0.871 |
BMI | 29.7 (25.9–33.2) | 33.2 (30.0–36.7) | 30.4 (26.0–33.1) | 28.3 (25.4–31.2) | 27.3 (24.8–31.1) | 0.000 |
Left atrial size (cm) | 4.2 (3.8–4.7) | 4.2 (3.9–4.7) | 4.3 (3.8–4.9) | 4.0 (3.7–4.8) | 4.2 (3.9–4.5) | 0.428 |
LVEF (%) | 55.0 (44.0–60.0) | 50.0 (37.0–60.0) | 55.0 (45.0–60.0) | 55.0 (45.0–60.0) | 57.0 (50.0–60.0) | 0.002 |
Morbidity index | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 0.000 |
Overall (n = 620) | Quartile 1 (0–14.4) (n = 155) | Quartile 2 (14.5–21.3) (n = 157) | Quartile 3 (21.4–31.9) (n = 153) | Quartile 4 (32.0–100) (n = 155) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AF Status | ||||||
Currently in AF | 563 (90.8) | 154 (99.4) | 151 (96.2) | 125 (81.7) | 133 (85.8) | 0.000 |
Latest episode more than a month ago | 205 (33.3) | 40 (26.1) | 36 (22.9) | 45 (29.4) | 84 (54.9) | 0.000 |
Left ventricular hypertrophy | 214 (37.7) | 54 (36) | 52 (37.7) | 53 (37.3) | 55 (40.1) | 0.91 |
Echo data available | 593 (95.6) | 151 (97.4) | 145 (92.4) | 150 (98.0) | 147 (94.8) | 0.080 |
Some echo finding | 112 (18.2) | 31 (20) | 26 (16.7) | 31 (20.3) | 24 (51.7) | 0.643 |
Valvular AF | ||||||
Non rheumatic or metallic valve | 543 (87.7) | 143 (92.3) | 137 (87.3) | 121 (79.1) | 142 (92.2) | 0.001 |
Moderate to severe mitral stenosis | 36 (5.8) | 6 (3.9) | 7 (4.5) | 19 (12.4) | 4 (2.6) | |
Prosthetic metal valve | 40 (6.5) | 6 (3.9) | 13 (8.3) | 13 (8.5) | 8 (5.2) | |
Medication/prescriptions | ||||||
Oral anticoagulant | 485 (78.2) | 107 (69) | 128 (81.5) | 129 (84.3) | 121 (78.1) | 0.007 |
Aspirin | 273 (44) | 78 (50.3) | 69 (43.9) | 70 (45.8) | 56 (36.1) | 0.086 |
Clopidogrel | 71 (11.5) | 21 (13.5) | 19 (12.1) | 13 (8.5) | 18 (11.6) | 0.56 |
Ticagrelor | 8 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (1.9) | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.385 |
Prasugrel | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.5 F |
Any antiplatelet | 270 (43.5) | 82 (52.9) | 65 (41.4) | 69 (45.1) | 54 (34.8) | 0.013 |
Two antiplatelets | 41 (6.6) | 9 (5.8) | 14 (8.9) | 7 (4.6) | 11 (7.1) | 0.457 |
Beta-Blocker | 504 (81.3) | 128 (82.6) | 121 (77.1) | 132 (86.3) | 123 (79.4) | 0.18 |
Amiodarone | 130 (21) | 32 (20.6) | 36 (22.9) | 37 (24.2) | 25 (16.1) | 0.318 |
Calcium channel blockers | 61 (9.8) | 12 (7.7) | 15 (9.6) | 17 (11.1) | 17 (11) | 0.522 F |
Digoxin | 119 (19.2) | 21 (13.5) | 35 (22.3) | 36 (23.5) | 27 (17.4) | 0.097 |
Flecainide, tambocor or encainide | 15 (2.4) | 4 (2.6) | 3 (1.9) | 2 (1.3) | 6 (3.9) | 0.520 F |
RAAS inhibitor (ACE/ARB/Entertsto) | 215 (34.7) | 51 (32.9) | 53 (33.8) | 52 (34) | 59 (38.1) | 0.779 |
Statin | 214 (34.5) | 58 (37.4) | 56 (35.7) | 51 (33.3) | 49 (31.6) | 0.719 |
Diuretic | 223 (36) | 58 (37.4) | 59 (37.6) | 58 (37.9) | 48 (31) | 0.522 |
AFEQT | Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) |
---|---|---|
Symptoms | 22.73 ± 16.48 | 20.83 (8.33–33.33) |
Daily Activities | 19.95 ± 15.58 | 16.67 (10.42–27.08) |
Treatment Concerns | 32.56 ± 20.91 | 27.78 (19.44–41.67) |
Treatment Satisfaction | 85.66 ± 15.32 | 91.67 (83.33–91.67) |
Overall score | 24.77 ± 15.31 | 21.30 (14.4–31.90) |
B | SE | Beta | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall AFEQT score | |||||
Age | −0.19 | 0.05 | −0.15 | −0.29, −0.10 | 0.001 |
BMI | −0.82 | 0.10 | −0.29 | −1.03, −0.62 | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | −3.35 | 1.12 | −0.11 | −5.54, −1.16 | 0.003 |
Heart Failure | −3.89 | 1.19 | −0.12 | −6.23, −1.55 | 0.001 |
COPD | −5.34 | 2.09 | −0.09 | −9.44, −1.24 | 0.011 |
CAD | −7.03 | 1.27 | −0.20 | −9.53, −4.53 | <0.001 |
History of Ablation | 13.07 | 4.00 | 0.11 | 5.21, 20.92 | 0.001 |
Oral Anticoagulant | 4.53 | 1.33 | 0.12 | 1.90, 7.16 | 0.001 |
Model summary: F = 29.34, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.28, Adjusted R2 = 0.27. | |||||
Symptoms | |||||
Age | −0.15 | 0.06 | −0.10 | −0.26, −0.04 | 0.008 |
BMI | −0.74 | 0.12 | −0.24 | −0.96, −0.51 | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | −2.54 | 1.28 | −0.08 | −5.05, −0.02 | 0.048 |
Heart Failure | −4.18 | 1.37 | −0.12 | −6.86, −1.50 | 0.002 |
CAD | −7.26 | 1.46 | −0.19 | −10.13, −4.40 | <0.001 |
Oral Anticoagulant | 3.70 | 1.54 | 0.09 | 0.69, 6.72 | 0.016 |
Model summary: F = 21.40, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.17, Adjusted R2 = 0.17. | |||||
Daily Activities | |||||
Age | −0.23 | 0.05 | −0.18 | −0.33, −0.13 | <0.001 |
BMI | −0.69 | 0.12 | −0.23 | −0.88, −0.46 | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | −2.92 | 1.18 | −0.09 | −5.24, −0.61 | 0.014 |
Heart Failure | −3.88 | 1.26 | −0.11 | −6.35, −1.41 | 0.002 |
COPD | −4.98 | 2.21 | −0.08 | −9.31, −0.64 | 0.025 |
CAD | −6.35 | 1.34 | −0.17 | −8.94, −3.71 | <0.001 |
History of Ablation | 9.42 | 4.30 | 0.08 | 1.12, 17.73 | 0.026 |
Oral Anticoagulant | 4.28 | 1.42 | 0.11 | 1.51, 7.06 | 0.003 |
Model summary: F = 21.54, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.22, Adjusted R2 = 0.21. | |||||
Treatment Concerns | |||||
Age | −0.17 | 0.07 | −0.10 | −0.31, −0.04 | 0.013 |
BMI | −1.01 | 0.16 | −0.28 | −1.37, −0.80 | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | −4.56 | 1.58 | −0.11 | −7.65, −1.46 | 0.004 |
Heart Failure | −3.86 | 1.68 | −0.08 | −7.16, −0.55 | 0.022 |
COPD | −6.58 | 2.95 | −0.08 | −12.37, −0.78 | 0.026 |
CAD | −7.85 | 1.80 | −0.16 | −11.38, −4.32 | <0.001 |
History of Ablation | 21.17 | 5.65 | 0.13 | 10.01, 32.27 | <0.001 |
Oral Anticoagulant | 5.51 | 1.89 | 0.11 | 1.80, 9.22 | 0.004 |
Model summary: F = 22.32, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.23, Adjusted R2 = 0.22. |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Al-Bashaireh, A.M.; Alkouri, O.; Alharbi, A.; Khader, Y.; Hammoudeh, A.; Aljawarneh, Y.; Alotaibi, N.E.; Qaladi, O.; Ababneh, A.; Schultz, T. Factors Associated with Quality of Life among People with Atrial Fibrillation: Jordan Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study. Medicina 2024, 60, 1262. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081262
Al-Bashaireh AM, Alkouri O, Alharbi A, Khader Y, Hammoudeh A, Aljawarneh Y, Alotaibi NE, Qaladi O, Ababneh A, Schultz T. Factors Associated with Quality of Life among People with Atrial Fibrillation: Jordan Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study. Medicina. 2024; 60(8):1262. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081262
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Bashaireh, Ahmad M., Osama Alkouri, Abdulhafith Alharbi, Yousef Khader, Ayman Hammoudeh, Yousef Aljawarneh, Nader E. Alotaibi, Omar Qaladi, Anas Ababneh, and Tim Schultz. 2024. "Factors Associated with Quality of Life among People with Atrial Fibrillation: Jordan Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study" Medicina 60, no. 8: 1262. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081262