Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Cholangitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Inclusion Criteria
2.3. Diagnosis of AC
2.4. Therapeutic Approach
2.5. Data Acquisition and Study Variables
2.6. Statistic Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Condition | COVID (n = 30) | Without COVID (n = 211) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Benign | 13.0 (43.3%) | 99.0 (46.9%) | |
Choledocholithiasis | 13.0 (43.3%) | 92.0 (43.6%) | 0.978 1 |
Benign vaterian ampulloma | 0.0 (0.0%) | 2.0 (0.9%) | 0.590 1 |
Benign coledochal stenosis | 0.0 (0.0%) | 4.0 (1.9%) | 0.447 1 |
Liver abscess | 0.0 (0.0%) | 1.0 (0.5%) | 0.706 1 |
Malignant | 17.0 (56.7%) | 112.0 (53.1%) | |
Pancreatic cancer | 9.0 (30.0%) | 61.0 (28.9%) | 0.902 1 |
Cholangiocarcinoma | 6.0 (20.0%) | 31.0 (14.7%) | 0.450 1 |
Malignant vaterian ampulloma | 2.0 (6.7%) | 13.0 (6.2%) | 0.915 1 |
Malignant extrinsic compression | 0.0 (0.0%) | 6.0 (2.8%) | 0.350 1 |
Gallbladder cancer | 0.0 (0.0%) | 1.0 (0.5%) | 0.706 1 |
COVID (n = 30) | Without COVID (n = 211) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.539 1 | ||
F | 18.0 (60.0%) | 114.0 (54.0%) | |
M | 12.0 (40.0%) | 97.0 (46.0%) | |
Age | 0.009 2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 74.3 (10.6) | 67.3 (14.1) | |
Range | 52.0–93.0 | 19.0–96.0 | |
Jaundice | 0.918 1 | ||
Yes | 27.0 (90.0%) | 192.0 (91%) | |
No | 3.0 (10.0%) | 19.0 (9.0%) | |
Abdominal pain | 0.025 1 | ||
Yes | 27.0 (90.0%) | 149.0 (70.6%) | |
No | 3.0 (10.0%) | 62.0 (29.4%) | |
Fever | 0.264 1 | ||
Yes | 6.0 (20.0%) | 63.0 (29.9%) | |
No | 24.0 (80.0%) | 148.0 (70.1%) | |
CRP (mg/L) | 0.476 2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 119.65 (97.83) | 105.70 (107.56) | |
Range | 11.0–322.8 | 2.14–545.9 | |
WBC (×103/µL) | 0.881 2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 11.73 (7.35) | 11.52 (5.85) | |
Range | 3.61–40.0 | 2.81–41.9 | |
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.698 2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 10.77 (7.12) | 10.22 (7.29) | |
Range | 1.6–30.2 | 0.5–36.3 | |
Platelets (×103/µL) | 0.959 2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 261.84 (120.52) | 263.05 (109.51) | |
Range | 32.0–501.8 | 24.0–777.0 | |
INR | 0.219 2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 1.52 (0.39) | 1.42 (0.59) | |
Range | 0.96–2.77 | 0.91–5.05 | |
Cardiac pathology | 0.058 1 | ||
Yes | 25 (83.3%) | 135 (63.9%) | |
No | 5 (16.6%) | 76 (36%) | |
Type 2 Diabetes | 0.727 1 | ||
Yes | 9 (30%) | 53 (25.1%) | |
No | 21 (70%) | 158 (74.9%) | |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.757 1 | ||
Yes | 0 (0%) | 6 (2.8%) | |
No | 30 (100%) | 205 (97.2%) | |
Smoking status | |||
Ex-smoker | 8 (30%) | 64 (30.3%) | 0.934 1 |
Smoker | 11 (36.7%) | 63 (29.9%) | 0.635 1 |
Non-smoker | 10 (33.3%) | 84 (39.8%) | 0.723 1 |
Previous stent | 0.362 1 | ||
Yes | 7.0 (23.3%) | 35.0 (16.6%) | |
No | 23.0 (76.7%) | 176.0 (83.4%) | |
Hospitalization days | <0.001 2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 13.5 (6.6) | 7.9 (5.4) | |
Range | 4.0–26.0 | 1.0–35.0 | |
Weekend admission | 0.550 1 | ||
Yes | 8.0 (26.7%) | 46.0 (21.8%) | |
No | 22.0 (73.3%) | 165.0 (78.2%) | |
Tokyo severity score | 0.103 1 | ||
Grade I | 10.0 (33.3%) | 85.0 (40.3%) | |
Grade II | 6.0 (20.0%) | 67.0 (31.8%) | |
Grade III | 14.0 (46.7%) | 59.0 (28.0%) |
Sterile | 1 Bacterium | 2 Bacteria | >3 Bacteria | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COVID | Non-COVID | p | COVID | Non-COVID | p | COVID | Non-COVID | p | COVID | Non-COVID | p | |
Tokyo Grade I | 3 (60%) | 30 (40%) | 4 (25%) | 35 (41.7%) | 2 (28.6%) | 18 (40.90%) | 1 (50%) | 2 (25%) | ||||
Tokyo Grade II | 0 | 25 (33.3%) | 0.298 1 | 4 (25%) | 27 (32.1%) | 0.156 1 | 2 (28.6%) | 12 (27.30%) | 0.795 1 | 0 | 3 (37.5%) | 0.429 1 |
Tokyo Grade III | 2 (40%) | 20 (26.7%) | 8 (50%) | 22 (26.2%) | 3 (42.9%) | 14 (31.80%) | 1 (50%) | 3 (37.5%) |
95% Confidence Interval | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictor | Estimate | SE | Z | p | Odds Ratio | Lower | Upper |
Intercept | −2.494 | 0.339 | 7.356 | <0.001 | 0.0826 | 0.0425 | 0.160 |
Other bile germs: | |||||||
Yes—No | 0.999 | 0.627 | 1.593 | 0.111 | 2.7147 | 0.7945 | 9.275 |
Acinetobacter spp. | |||||||
Yes—No | 0.531 | 1.181 | 0.450 | 0.653 | 1.7014 | 0.1682 | 17.205 |
Citrobacter spp. | |||||||
Yes—No | 0.816 | 0.828 | 0.985 | 0.324 | 2.2608 | 0.4462 | 11.454 |
Pseudomonas spp. | |||||||
Yes—No | 1.457 | 0.615 | 2.369 | 0.018 | 4.2923 | 1.2857 | 14.329 |
Enterococcus spp. | |||||||
Yes—No | 0.320 | 0.488 | 0.655 | 0.512 | 1.3771 | 0.5289 | 3.586 |
Klebsiella spp. | |||||||
Yes—No | 0.261 | 0.514 | 0.509 | 0.611 | 1.2988 | 0.4742 | 3.558 |
Escherichia coli: | |||||||
Yes—No | 0.337 | 0.431 | 0.782 | 0.434 | 1.4008 | 0.6021 | 3.259 |
COVID (n = 30) | Without COVID (n = 211) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Other bile germs | 0.237 1 | ||
No | 26.0 (86.7%) | 196.0 (92.9%) | |
Yes | 4.0 (13.3%) | 15.0 (7.1%) | |
Acinetobacter spp. | 0.605 1 | ||
No | 29.0 (96.7%) | 207.0 (98.1%) | |
Yes | 1.0 (3.3%) | 4.0 (1.9%) | |
Citrobacter spp. | 0.555 1 | ||
No | 28.0 (93.3%) | 202.0 (95.7%) | |
Yes | 2.0 (6.7%) | 9.0 (4.3%) | |
Pseudomonas spp. | 0.028 1 | ||
No | 25.0 (83.3%) | 199.0 (94.3%) | |
Yes | 5.0 (16.7%) | 12.0 (5.7%) | |
Enterobacter spp. | 0.200 1 | ||
No | 30.0 (100.0%) | 200.0 (94.8%) | |
Yes | 0.0 (0.0%) | 11.0 (5.2%) | |
Enterococcus spp. | 0.662 1 | ||
No | 23.0 (76.7%) | 169.0 (80.1%) | |
Yes | 7.0 (23.3%) | 42.0 (19.9%) | |
Klebsiella spp. | 0.450 1 | ||
No | 24.0 (80.0%) | 180.0 (85.3%) | |
Yes | 6.0 (20.0%) | 31.0 (14.7%) | |
Streptococcus spp. | 0.350 1 | ||
No | 30.0 (100.0%) | 205.0 (97.2%) | |
Yes | 0.0 (0.0%) | 6.0 (2.8%) | |
Escherichia coli | 0.666 1 | ||
No | 19.0 (63.3%) | 142.0 (67.3%) | |
Yes | 11.0 (36.7%) | 69.0 (32.7%) |
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Vuletici, D.; Miutescu, B.; Burciu, C.; Ratiu, I.; Moga, T.; Gadour, E.; Motofelea, A.C.; Koppandi, O.; Sirli, R.; Popescu, A. Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Cholangitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis. Medicina 2024, 60, 1354. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081354
Vuletici D, Miutescu B, Burciu C, Ratiu I, Moga T, Gadour E, Motofelea AC, Koppandi O, Sirli R, Popescu A. Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Cholangitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis. Medicina. 2024; 60(8):1354. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081354
Chicago/Turabian StyleVuletici, Deiana, Bogdan Miutescu, Calin Burciu, Iulia Ratiu, Tudor Moga, Eyad Gadour, Alexandru Catalin Motofelea, Oana Koppandi, Roxana Sirli, and Alina Popescu. 2024. "Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Cholangitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis" Medicina 60, no. 8: 1354. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081354