A Comparison of Pre- and Post-Treatment Cranial MRI Characteristics in Patients with Pediatric Epilepsy Receiving Levetiracetam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. MR Imaging Procedures and Image Analysis
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age | 13 ± 2.18 (8–15) |
Gender | |
Female | 11 (78.6%) |
Male | 3 (21.4%) |
Type of epilepsy | |
Focal | 9 (64.3%) |
Generalized | 5 (35.7%) |
EEG findings | |
Normal | 3 (21.4%) |
Abnormal | 6 (42.9%) |
Epileptiform | 5 (35.7%) |
Family history of epilepsy | 5 (35.7%) |
Patient | Pre-Treatment Volume (cm3) | Post-Treatment Volume (cm3) | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ID | R, CN | L, CN | R, PTM | L, PTM | R, GP | L, GP | R, Th | L, Th | R, HCM | L, HCM | R, CN | L, CN | R, PTM | L, PTM | R, GP | L, GP | R, Th | L, Th | R, HCM | L, HCM |
1 | 3.915 | 4.012 | 6.223 | 6.158 | 1.289 | 1.175 | 4.307 | 4.234 | 2.568 | 2.407 | 4.017 | 4.089 | 6.513 | 6.491 | 1.349 | 1.264 | 4.442 | 4.216 | 2.590 | 2.447 |
2 | 4.703 | 4.660 | 6.601 | 6.811 | 1.873 | 1.803 | 5.003 | 5.141 | 2.826 | 2.904 | 4.759 | 4.716 | 6.903 | 7.025 | 1.829 | 1.859 | 5.419 | 5.284 | 2.773 | 2.802 |
3 | 3.573 | 3.751 | 6.169 | 6.112 | 1.652 | 1.492 | 4.433 | 4.280 | 2.502 | 2.635 | 3.512 | 3.552 | 6.271 | 6.317 | 1.711 | 1.505 | 4.486 | 4.429 | 2.534 | 2.589 |
4 | 4.663 | 4.690 | 6.529 | 6.469 | 1.903 | 1.839 | 5.091 | 5.524 | 2.639 | 2.555 | 4.672 | 4.912 | 6.905 | 6.996 | 2.004 | 1.904 | 5.088 | 5.690 | 2.785 | 2.690 |
5 | 4.126 | 4.317 | 6.515 | 6.258 | 1.713 | 1.814 | 5.142 | 5.253 | 2.489 | 2.557 | 4.235 | 4.699 | 6.445 | 6.557 | 1.729 | 1.956 | 5.214 | 5.238 | 2.875 | 2.947 |
6 | 4.451 | 4.391 | 6.251 | 6.124 | 1.759 | 1.741 | 4.568 | 4.696 | 2.711 | 2.735 | 4.830 | 4.721 | 6.382 | 6.235 | 1.779 | 1.813 | 4.817 | 4.794 | 2.736 | 2.795 |
7 | 3.515 | 3.485 | 5.904 | 5.842 | 1.413 | 1.284 | 4.480 | 4.655 | 2.479 | 2.364 | 3.603 | 3.712 | 6.204 | 6.312 | 1.454 | 1.481 | 4.518 | 4.774 | 2.490 | 2.412 |
8 | 4.729 | 4.518 | 6.572 | 6.719 | 1.789 | 1.932 | 4.572 | 4.713 | 2.446 | 2.561 | 4.594 | 4.821 | 6.610 | 6.880 | 1.816 | 1.953 | 4.858 | 4.890 | 2.411 | 2.510 |
9 | 4.442 | 4.321 | 6.148 | 6.312 | 1.585 | 1.502 | 4.311 | 4.257 | 2.616 | 2.544 | 4.311 | 4.382 | 6.231 | 6.309 | 1.615 | 1.546 | 4.501 | 4.315 | 2.772 | 2.591 |
10 | 4.414 | 4.566 | 6.573 | 6.048 | 1.376 | 1.359 | 4.316 | 4.119 | 2.444 | 2.650 | 4.741 | 4.832 | 6.846 | 6.370 | 1.220 | 1.245 | 4.650 | 4.595 | 2.559 | 2.616 |
11 | 4.886 | 4.784 | 6.786 | 6.317 | 1.685 | 1.699 | 4.913 | 4.754 | 2.690 | 2.557 | 4.534 | 4.963 | 6.800 | 6.805 | 1.663 | 1.612 | 5.214 | 5.095 | 2.901 | 2.954 |
12 | 3.687 | 3.788 | 6.217 | 6.018 | 1.136 | 1.184 | 4.305 | 4.630 | 2.475 | 2.506 | 3.855 | 3.961 | 6.325 | 6.346 | 1.289 | 1.275 | 4.413 | 4.527 | 2.377 | 2.435 |
13 | 4.780 | 4.874 | 6.884 | 6.732 | 1.873 | 1.719 | 4.776 | 4.890 | 2.220 | 2.175 | 4.528 | 4.729 | 6.552 | 6.718 | 1.813 | 1.749 | 4.635 | 4.904 | 2.457 | 2.519 |
14 | 4.269 | 4.342 | 6.542 | 6.438 | 1.691 | 1.712 | 4.693 | 4.524 | 2.776 | 2.684 | 4.371 | 4.402 | 6.623 | 6.501 | 1.700 | 1.721 | 4.917 | 4.905 | 2.777 | 2.746 |
Pre-Treatment Volume (cm3) Mean ± SD (min–max) | Post-Treatment Volume (cm3) Mean ± SD (min–max) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
R, CN | 4.29 ± 0.46 (3.515–4.886) | 4.32 ± 0.43 (3.512–4.830) | 0.594 |
L, CN | 4.32 ± 0.41 (3.485–4.874) | 4.46 ± 0.46 (3.552–4.963) | 0.013 |
R, PTM | 6.422 ± 0.27 (5.904–6.884) | 6.54 ± 0.24 (6.204–6.905) | 0.022 |
L, PTM | 6.31 ± 0.29 (5.842–6.811) | 6.56 ± 0.27 (6.235–7.025) | 0.02 |
R, GP | 1.62 ± 0.23 (1.136–1.903) | 1.64 ± 0.22 (1.220–2.004) | 0.331 |
L, GP | 1.58 ± 0.25 (1.175–1.932) | 1.63 ± 0.255 (1.245–1.956) | 0.048 |
R, Th | 4.63 ± 0.30 (4.305–5.142) | 4.97 ± 0.33 (4.413–5.419) | 0.005 |
L, Th | 4.69 ± 0.40 (4.11–5.52) | 4.83 ± 0.40 (4.216–5.690) | 0.009 |
R, HCM | 2.56 ± 0.15 (2.220–2.826) | 2.64 ± 0.17 (2.377–2.901) | 0.048 |
L, HCM | 2.55 ± 0.17 (2.175–2.904) | 2.64 ± 0.18 (2.412–2.954) | 0.140 |
Age (years) | Thalamus Volume (cm3) Median | IQR |
---|---|---|
1 | 4.77 | 1.38 |
2 | 4.45 | 1.21 |
3 | 5.19 | 1.69 |
4 | 5.32 | 0.60 |
5 | 5.10 | 2.01 |
6 | 4.78 | 1.99 |
7 | 6.01 | 0.5 |
8 | 5.90 | 1.78 |
9 | 5.51 | 1.39 |
10 | 5.22 | 1.45 |
11 | 5.81 | 1.43 |
12 | 4.78 | 1.68 |
13 | 5.66 | 0.64 |
14 | 5.60 | 0.75 |
15 | 5.69 | 1.69 |
16 | 5.09 | 0.97 |
17 | 5.71 | 0.87 |
18 | 5.13 | 1.58 |
Age Group (years) | 7–9 | 10–12 | 13–15 | 16–18 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Right caudate nucleus | 4.25 ± 0.58 | 4.25 ± 0.53 | 4.26 ± 0.58 | 4.24 ± 0.61 |
Left caudate nucleus | 4.09 ± 0.49 | 4.03 ± 0.46 | 4.03 ± 0.51 | 4.04 ± 0.49 |
Right putamen | 6.48 ± 0.84 | 6.52 ± 0.77 | 6.53 ± 0.73 | 6.27 ± 0.78 |
Left putamen | 6.76 ± 0.84 | 6.77 ± 0.79 | 6.75 ± 0.80 | 6.47 ± 0.85 |
Right globus pallidus | 1.81 ± 0.24 | 1.81 ± 0.22 | 1.79 ± 0.22 | 1.79 ± 0.25 |
Left globus pallidus | 1.98 ± 0.24 | 1.99 ± 0.27 | 1.97 ± 0.30 | 1.90 ± 0.31 |
Right hippocampus | 2.76 ± 0.29 | 2.75 ± 0.40 | 2.69 ± 0.27 | 3.04 ± 0.46 |
Left hippocampus | 2.56 ± 0.27 | 2.68 ± 0.45 | 2.50 ± 0.32 | 2.85 ± 0.48 |
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Aydin, H.; Aytac, A.; Bulbul, E.; Yanik, B.; Korkut, O.; Gulcen, B. A Comparison of Pre- and Post-Treatment Cranial MRI Characteristics in Patients with Pediatric Epilepsy Receiving Levetiracetam. Medicina 2024, 60, 1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081355
Aydin H, Aytac A, Bulbul E, Yanik B, Korkut O, Gulcen B. A Comparison of Pre- and Post-Treatment Cranial MRI Characteristics in Patients with Pediatric Epilepsy Receiving Levetiracetam. Medicina. 2024; 60(8):1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081355
Chicago/Turabian StyleAydin, Hilal, Adil Aytac, Erdogan Bulbul, Bahar Yanik, Oguzhan Korkut, and Burak Gulcen. 2024. "A Comparison of Pre- and Post-Treatment Cranial MRI Characteristics in Patients with Pediatric Epilepsy Receiving Levetiracetam" Medicina 60, no. 8: 1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081355