Association between Frailty and Asthma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Assessment
Features Linked to Health and Sociodemographics
2.3. Elderly Depression (Korean Version of the 15-Item Geriatric Depression Scale)
2.4. Functional Capacity
2.5. Evaluation of Frailty
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Populations
3.2. Functional Status of Study Populations
3.3. Fraility Risk According to Asthma Status
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No Asthma (n = 9498) | Asthma (n = 275) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | <0.001 | ||
Male | 5722 (60.2) | 136 (49.5) | |
Female | 3776 (39.8) | 139 (50.5) | |
Age | 73.4 ± 6.5 | 74.9 ± 6.2 | 0.089 |
Residence | 0.278 | ||
Rural | 2715 (28.6) | 70 (25.5) | |
Urban | 6783 (71.4) | 205 (74.5) | |
Religion | 1.000 | ||
Have religion | 5590 (58.9) | 162 (58.9) | |
No religion | 3908 (41.1) | 113 (41.1) | |
Living status | 0.041 | ||
Live alone | 2966 (31.2) | 102 (37.1) | |
Live with family | 6532 (68.9) | 173 (62.9) | |
Job | 0.014 | ||
Employed | 3631 (38.2) | 85 (30.9) | |
Unemployed | 5867 (61.8) | 180 (69.1) | |
BMI | 23.6 ± 2.6 | 23.8 ± 2.7 | 0.089 |
BMI category | 0.165 | ||
Underweight | 285 (2.2) | 6 (2.2) | |
Normal | 3655 (38.5) | 99 (36.0) | |
Overweight | 3135 (33.0) | 81 (29.5) | |
Obese | 2503 (26.4) | 89 (32.4) | |
Education, years | 0.320 | ||
0–3 | 1078 (11.3) | 28 (10.2) | |
4–6 | 3116 (32.8) | 102 (37.1) | |
≥7 | 5304 (55.8) | 145 (52.7) | |
Economic status | 0.829 | ||
1st quartile | 2375 (25.0) | 65 (23.6) | |
2nd quartile | 2380 (25.1) | 69 (25.1) | |
3rd quartile | 2374 (25.0) | 66 (24.0) | |
4th quartile | 2369 (24.9) | 75 (27.3) | |
Smoking | 1030 (10.8) | 42 (15.3) | 0.024 |
Alcohol | 1336 (14.1) | 41 (14.9) | 0.661 |
Regular exercise | 3472 (36.6) | 97 (35.3) | 0.703 |
Chronic illness | <0.001 | ||
0–1 | 4502 (47.4) | 32 (11.6) | |
≥2 | 4996 (52.6) | 243 (88.4) | |
Subjective health status | <0.001 | ||
Good | 4815 (50.7) | 58 (21.1) | |
Moderate | 2951 (31.1) | 120 (43.6) | |
Bad | 1732 (18.2) | 97 (35.3) | |
Life satisfaction | <0.001 | ||
Satisfied | 8634 (93.0) | 239 (86.9) | |
Unsatisfied | 664 (7.0) | 36 (13.1) | |
Cognitive impairment | 0.427 | ||
Normal | 6578 (69.3) | 184 (66.9) | |
Impairment | 2920 (30.7) | 91 (33.1) | |
Nutrition | <0.001 | ||
Low nutritional risk | 8188 (86.0) | 183 (66.5) | |
Moderate nutritional risk | 1139 (12.0) | 83 (30.2) | |
High nutritional risk | 191 (2.0) | 9 (3.3) | |
GDS (score ≥ 8) | 1226 (12.9) | 52 (18.9) | 0.008 |
No Asthma (n = 9745) | Asthma (n = 175) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Visual impairment | 3108 (32.7) | 131 (47.6) | <0.001 |
Hearing impairment | 2162 (22.8) | 107 (38.9) | <0.001 |
Chewing impairment | 3539 (37.3) | 160 (58.2) | <0.001 |
Activity of daily living (ADL) | <0.001 | ||
Independent | 9114 (96.0) | 248 (90.2) | |
Dependent | 384 (4.0) | 27 (9.8) | |
Instrumental ADL (IADL) | <0.001 | ||
Independent | 8596 (90.5) | 196 (71.3) | |
Dependent | 902 (9.5) | 79 (28.7) | |
Leg muscle weakness | 2492 (26.2) | 104 (37.6) | <0.001 |
Frailty | <0.001 | ||
Robust | 4686 (49.4) | 99 (36.0) | |
Pre-frail | 4344 (45.7) | 155 (56.4) | |
Frail | 468 (4.9) | 12 (7.6) | |
Frailty phenotype component | |||
Fatigue | 2761 (29.1) | 86 (31.3) | 0.420 |
Resistance | 2170 (22.8) | 97 (35.3) | <0.001 |
Ambulation | 1930 (20.3) | 77 (28.0) | 0.003 |
Illness | 14 (0.1) | 9 (3.3) | <0.001 |
Weight loss | 277 (2.9) | 9 (3.3) | 0.715 |
Fall injury | 594 (6.3) | 28 (10.2) | 0.012 |
Hospitalization previous year | 606 (6.4) | 34 (12.4) | <0.001 |
OR (95% Confidence Interval) | |
---|---|
Frailty | 1.45 (1.01–2.09) |
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Park, J.M.; Lee, S.; Chung, J.H. Association between Frailty and Asthma. Medicina 2024, 60, 1479. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091479
Park JM, Lee S, Chung JH. Association between Frailty and Asthma. Medicina. 2024; 60(9):1479. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091479
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Jong Myung, Sujin Lee, and Jae Ho Chung. 2024. "Association between Frailty and Asthma" Medicina 60, no. 9: 1479. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091479