Analysis of Venous Insufficiency Risk Factors and Demographic Characteristics among Nurses: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participation
2.2. Data Collection Forms
2.3. Demographic Characteristics of Nurses and Form for Determining Venous Insufficiency Risk Factors
2.4. Standard CEAP Form
- C0: no visible or palpable signs of venous disease
- C1: telangiectasias or reticular veins
- C2: varicose veins
- C3: edema
- C4a: pigmentation and eczema
- C4b: lipodermatosclerosis or atrophie blanche
- C5: healed
- C6: active venous ulcer
2.5. The Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study (VEINESQOL/Sym) Questionnaire
2.6. Data Collection Process
2.7. Ethical Process
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Weaknesses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CVI (−) n (%) | CVI (+) n (%) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 20 (23.8%) | 64 (76.2%) | 0.001a |
Male | 15 (93.8) | 1 (6.3) | ||
BMI | Underweight (<18.5) | 3 (75%) | 1 (25%) | 0.177 b |
Normal (18.5–25) | 18 (30.5%) | 41 (69.5) | ||
Overweight (>25) | 14 (37.8) | 23 (62.2) | ||
Marital status | Married | 10 (25%) | 30 (75%) | 0.134 a |
Single | 25 (41.7%) | 35 (58.3%) | ||
Education status | Highschool | 12 (34.3%) | 23 (65.7%) | 0.516 b |
Undergraduate | 22 (39.3%) | 34 (60.7%) | ||
Graduate | 1 (11.1%) | 8 (88.9%) | ||
Smoking status | Yes | 18 (42.9%) | 24 (57.1%) | 0.117 a |
No | 14 (29.3%) | 41 (70.7%) | ||
Pregnancy status * | Yes | 3 (10.7%) | 25 (89.3%) | 0.021 a |
No | 17 (30.4%) | 39 (69.6%) | ||
Number of childbirths | 1 | 2 (15.4%) | 11 (84.6%) | 0.403 b |
2 | 1 (8.3%) | 11 (91.7%) | ||
≥3 | 0 (0%) | 3 (100%) | ||
Chronic disease status ** | Yes | 2 (11.1%) | 16 (88.9%) | 0.027 a |
No | 33 (40.2%) | 49 (59.8%) | ||
Exercise status | 1 h | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0.232 b |
2 h | 4 (44.4%) | 5 (55.6%) | ||
≥3 h | 3 (33.3%) | 6 (66.7%) | ||
I don’t exercise regularly | 26 (32.9%) | 53 (67.1%) | ||
Bowel movements | Regular | 30 (28.4%) | 51 (52.7%) | 0.435 a |
Irregular | 5 (26.3%) | 14 (73.7%) | ||
Footbed | Pes planus | 3 (50%) | 3 (50%) | 0.420 a |
Normal | 32 (34%) | 62 (66%) | ||
Previous diagnosis of CVI | Yes | 1 (11.1%) | 8 (88.9%) | 0.155 a |
No | 34 (37.4%) | 57 (62.6%) | ||
Family history of CVI | Yes | 9 (23.7%) | 29 (76.3%) | 0.084 a |
No | 26 (41.9%) | 36 (58.1%) |
CVI (-) n (%) | CVI (+) n (%) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Working units | Nursing management services | 4 (40%) | 6 (%60) | 0.021 a |
Wards | 15 (39.5) | 23 (60.5%) | ||
Intensive care | 16 (44.4%) | 20 (55.6%) | ||
Operating room/ Emergency room/ Interventional departments | 0 (0%) | 6 (100%) | ||
Policlinics | 0 (0%) | 10 (100%) | ||
Position | Head nurse | 4 (28.6%) | 10 (71.4%) | 0.456 a |
Ward nurse | 28 (41.2%) | 40 (58.8%) | ||
Outpatient clinic nurse | 1 (8.3%) | 11 (91.7%) | ||
Manager/Assistant manager/Block manager/Supervisor | 2 (33.3%) | 4 (66.7%) | ||
Daily walking time in the working unit | <2 h | 0 (0%) | 5 (100%) | 0.078 a |
2–4 h | 4 (26.7%) | 11 (73.3%) | ||
4–6 h | 10 (35.7%) | 18 (64.3%) | ||
≥6 h | 21 (40.4%) | 31 (59.6%) | ||
Daily sitting time in the working unit | <2 h | 17 (33.3%) | 34 (66.7%) | 0.848 a |
2–4 h | 14 (36.8%) | 24 (63.2) | ||
4–6 h | 4 (40%) | 6 (60%) | ||
≥6 h | 0 (0%) | 1 (10%) | ||
Daily standing time in the working unit | <2 h | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.690 a |
2–4 h | 6 (35.3%) | 11 (65.7%) | ||
4–6 h | 10 (30.3%) | 23 (69.7%) | ||
≥6 h | 18 (38.3%) | 29 (31.7%) |
VEINES QOL | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean ± SD | Test | p | ||
Gender | Female | 84 | 75.76 ± 12.87 | −4.580 | <0.001 |
Male | 16 | 91.37 ± 10.15 | |||
Chronic disease status | Yes | 18 | 71.50 ± 9.59 | −2.365 | 0.020 |
No | 82 | 79.74 ± 14.06 | |||
Bowel movements | Regular | 81 | 80.03 ± 13.59 | 2.767 | 0.007 |
Irregular | 19 | 70.68 ± 11.65 | |||
Family history of CVI | Yes | 38 | 74.13 ± 15.17 | −2.416 | 0.018 |
No | 62 | 80.79 ± 12.16 | |||
CVI | − | 35 | 86.74 ± 13.32 | 5.081 | <0.001 |
+ | 65 | 73.69 ± 11.63 | |||
VEINESQOL/Sym Total Score | 78.26 ± 13.70 |
B | S.E. | Wald | p | Exp(B) | 95% C.I. for EXP(B) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||||
Age (>26.5) | 2.038 | 0.609 | 11.204 | 0.001 | 7.677 | 2.327 | 25.321 |
Gender (Female) | 3.587 | 1.144 | 9.825 | 0.002 | 36.140 | 3.835 | 340.543 |
VEINESQOL/Sym | −0.064 | 0.023 | 7.547 | 0.006 | 0.938 | 0.896 | 0.982 |
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Avcı Işık, S.; Budak Ertürk, E.; Akay, H.T.; Karahan, A.; Akpınar, D.; Karslıoğlu, A.O. Analysis of Venous Insufficiency Risk Factors and Demographic Characteristics among Nurses: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina 2024, 60, 1498. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091498
Avcı Işık S, Budak Ertürk E, Akay HT, Karahan A, Akpınar D, Karslıoğlu AO. Analysis of Venous Insufficiency Risk Factors and Demographic Characteristics among Nurses: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina. 2024; 60(9):1498. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091498
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvcı Işık, Sevcan, Elif Budak Ertürk, Hakkı Tankut Akay, Azize Karahan, Denizhan Akpınar, and Arif Okay Karslıoğlu. 2024. "Analysis of Venous Insufficiency Risk Factors and Demographic Characteristics among Nurses: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study" Medicina 60, no. 9: 1498. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091498