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Review

Marine Algae Polysaccharides: An Overview of Characterization Techniques for Structural and Molecular Elucidation

by
Kaitlin C. Lesco
1,2,
S. Kim R. Williams
1 and
Lieve M. L. Laurens
2,*
1
Laboratory for Advanced Separation Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
2
Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mar. Drugs 2025, 23(3), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/md23030105
Submission received: 30 November 2024 / Revised: 22 January 2025 / Accepted: 30 January 2025 / Published: 27 February 2025

Abstract

Polysaccharides make up a large portion of the organic material from and in marine organisms. However, their structural characterization is often overlooked due to their complexity. With many high-value applications and unique bioactivities resulting from the polysaccharides’ complex and heterogeneous structures, dedicated analytical efforts become important to achieve structural elucidation. Because algae represent the largest marine resource of polysaccharides, the majority of the discussion is focused on well-known algae-based hydrocolloid polymers. The native environment of marine polysaccharides presents challenges to many conventional analytical techniques necessitating novel methodologies. We aim to deliver a review of the current state of the art in polysaccharide characterization, focused on capabilities as well as limitations in the context of marine environments. This review covers the extraction and isolation of marine polysaccharides, in addition to characterizations from monosaccharides to secondary and tertiary structures, highlighting a suite of analytical techniques.
Keywords: marine polysaccharides; characterization; separations; extractions marine polysaccharides; characterization; separations; extractions

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lesco, K.C.; Williams, S.K.R.; Laurens, L.M.L. Marine Algae Polysaccharides: An Overview of Characterization Techniques for Structural and Molecular Elucidation. Mar. Drugs 2025, 23, 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23030105

AMA Style

Lesco KC, Williams SKR, Laurens LML. Marine Algae Polysaccharides: An Overview of Characterization Techniques for Structural and Molecular Elucidation. Marine Drugs. 2025; 23(3):105. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23030105

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lesco, Kaitlin C., S. Kim R. Williams, and Lieve M. L. Laurens. 2025. "Marine Algae Polysaccharides: An Overview of Characterization Techniques for Structural and Molecular Elucidation" Marine Drugs 23, no. 3: 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23030105

APA Style

Lesco, K. C., Williams, S. K. R., & Laurens, L. M. L. (2025). Marine Algae Polysaccharides: An Overview of Characterization Techniques for Structural and Molecular Elucidation. Marine Drugs, 23(3), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23030105

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