Use Patterns of Leave-on Personal Care Products among Swiss-German Children, Adolescents, and Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. PCP Use Survey: Settings and Study Design
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Inter- and Intra-Country Comparisons of PCP Use Patterns: Data Sources and Treatment
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Study Population
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS | ||
---|---|---|
Variable | N | % |
Gender | ||
Female (F) | 198 | 49.7 |
Male (M) | 199 | 50.3 |
Age (years) | ||
≤4 | 75 | 18.9 |
5–8 | 103 | 25.9 |
9–12 | 103 | 25.9 |
13–17 | 116 | 29.2 |
Fitzpatrick skin type | ||
I | 12 | 3.0 |
II | 78 | 19.6 |
III | 216 | 54.4 |
IV | 83 | 20.9 |
V + VI | 3 | 0.8 |
Missing | 5 | 1.3 |
CHILDREN (age 0–12) | F/mean (SD) | M/mean (SD) |
Body height (cm) | 121.6 (21.8) | 118.9 (20.9) |
Body weight (kg) | 24.5 (10.2) | 22.9 (8.6) |
ADOLESCENTS (age 13–17) | F/mean (SD) | M/mean (SD) |
Body height (cm) | 163.2 (7.3) | 165.8 (11.1) |
Body weight (kg) | 52.0 (7.4) | 53.6 (13.5) |
ADULTS | ||
Variable | N | % |
Gender | ||
F | 455 | 56.9 |
M | 344 | 43.1 |
Age (years) | ||
18–42 | 207 | 25.9 |
43–52 | 203 | 25.4 |
53–65 | 210 | 26.3 |
≥66 | 179 | 22.4 |
Fitzpatrick skin type | ||
I (burns immediately, never tans) | 15 | 1.9 |
II (burns easily, tans slowly with difficulties to brown) | 136 | 17.0 |
III (burns moderately, tans slowly to brown) | 449 | 56.2 |
IV (burns rarely, tans fast to moderately brown) | 176 | 22.0 |
V + VI (almost never burns, tans fast to dark brown) | 12 | 1.5 |
Missing | 11 | 1.4 |
Level of education | ||
Primary/secondary school | 83 | 10.4 |
Upper secondary school | 480 | 60.1 |
University | 227 | 28.4 |
Missing | 9 | 1.1 |
F/mean (SD) | M/mean (SD) | |
Body height (cm) | 165.6 (6.7) | 177.7 (7.1) |
Body weight (kg) | 64.3 (10.1) | 81.2 (11.0) |
3.2. PCP Use Patterns
C + A (F/M) | AD (F/M) | |
---|---|---|
Summer and autumn | ||
Whole body | 95.9 (96.7/95.1) | 86.3 (86.6/85.9) |
Head, upper and/or lower limbs | 94.3 (94.9/93.7) | 95.0 (95.6/93.9) |
Head only | 73.4 (73.0/73.8) | 82.1 (83.4/79.9) |
Winter and spring | ||
Whole body | 26.0 (26.8/25.3) | 37.4 (36.8/38.3) |
Head, upper and/or lower limbs | 49.3 (50.0/48.6) | 60.4 (61.4/58.8) |
Head only | 87.4 (87.2/87.6) | 84.6 (85.3/83.6) |
3.2.1. PCP Use amongst Children and Adolescents
3.2.2. PCP Use amongst Adults
3.2.3. Analysis of PCP Co-Use Patterns
Gender | PCP co-use combinations a | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Children and adolescents | % users | Adults | % users | |
F | SC, FC, BL, HC, LC | 18.4 | SC, FC, BL, HC, MF, LC, LS | 24.1 |
SC, FC, BL | 10.8 | SC, FC, BL, HC, LC | 12.5 | |
SC, FC, BL, LC | 10.8 | SC, FC, BL, HC, LC, LS | 10.5 | |
SC, FC, BL, HC, MF, LC, LS | 6.3 | SC, FC, BL, HC, MF, LC | 9.2 | |
SC, BL, LC | 5.1 | SC, FC, BL, AS, HC, MF, LC, LS | 4.7 | |
SC, BL | 4.4 | |||
SC, FC, BL, HC, MF, LC | 4.4 | |||
M | SC, FC, BL, LC | 21.2 | SC, FC, BL, AS, HC, LC | 13.5 |
SC, FC, BL | 11.5 | SC, FC, BL, AS, HC | 10.6 | |
SC, LC | 10.3 | SC, AF, HC | 6.5 | |
SC, FC, BL, HC, LC | 10.3 | SC, FC, AS, HC, LC | 6.1 | |
SC, BL, LC | 8.3 | SC, FC, HC | 4.9 | |
SC, HC, LC | 6.4 |
3.3. Inter- and Intra-Country Comparison of PCP Use
3.3.1. Comparison of PCP Use Patterns: German-speaking Switzerland, Germany, and the Netherlands
3.3.2. Sunscreen Use in Switzerland: Where Do We Stand a Decade Later?
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Manová, E.; Von Goetz, N.; Keller, C.; Siegrist, M.; Hungerbühler, K. Use Patterns of Leave-on Personal Care Products among Swiss-German Children, Adolescents, and Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 2778-2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10072778
Manová E, Von Goetz N, Keller C, Siegrist M, Hungerbühler K. Use Patterns of Leave-on Personal Care Products among Swiss-German Children, Adolescents, and Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013; 10(7):2778-2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10072778
Chicago/Turabian StyleManová, Eva, Natalie Von Goetz, Carmen Keller, Michael Siegrist, and Konrad Hungerbühler. 2013. "Use Patterns of Leave-on Personal Care Products among Swiss-German Children, Adolescents, and Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 7: 2778-2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10072778