Changes in Electronic Cigarette Use from 2013 to 2015 and Reasons for Use among Finnish Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling and Participants
2.2. The Measures
2.3. Analysis of Non-Response
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Awareness and Use of E-Cigarettes
3.2. Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Containing E-Liquids
3.3. Reasons for E-Cigarette Experimentation and Use
3.4. Determinants for E-Cigarette Use
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Boys|Age | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | Total, % | |||||
Year | 2013 | 2015 | 2013 | 2015 | 2013 | 2015 | 2013 | 2015 | 2013 | 2015 |
Ever-use of e-cigarettes | ||||||||||
Do not know what they are | 29.3 | 13.9 | 9.9 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 5.8 | 1.3 | 12.5 | 5.1 |
Never tried | 68.4 | 81.8 | 70.6 | 74.1 | 66.6 | 57.8 | 62.8 | 53.3 | 67.1 | 66.8 |
Have tried once or twice | 1.6 | 3.7 | 15.3 | 15.9 | 19.5 | 24.6 | 20.6 | 24.3 | 14.3 | 17.1 |
Have tried 20 times or less | 0.8 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 7.3 | 3.2 | 4.5 |
Have tried more than 20 times | - | 0.3 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 9.1 | 5.8 | 13.8 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Total, % | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | - | - |
n | 256 | 649 | 405 | 893 | 431 | 703 | 277 | 593 | 1369 | 2838 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Regular use of e-cigarettes * | ||||||||||
I do not use e-cigarettes regularly | 99.5 | 96.3 | 89.6 | 89.8 | 93.8 | |||||
Less than once a week | 0.5 | 2.6 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 3.9 | |||||
Once a week or more often but not daily | - | 0.6 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||||
Once a day or more often | - | 0.6 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 1.5 | |||||
Total, % | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | - | |||||
n | 612 | 854 | 673 | 571 | 2710 | |||||
Girls|Age | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | Total, % | |||||
Year | 2013 | 2015 | 2013 | 2015 | 2013 | 2015 | 2013 | 2015 | 2013 | 2015 |
Ever-use of e-cigarettes | ||||||||||
Do not know what | 43.8 | 20.6 | 13.3 | 3.8 | 7.2 | 2.0 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 16.9 | 6.8 |
they are | ||||||||||
Never tried | 55.9 | 77.9 | 74.5 | 82.6 | 72.7 | 66.6 | 73.2 | 59.0 | 69.1 | 71.5 |
Have tried once or twice | 0.3 | 1.5 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 15.3 | 21.4 | 18.4 | 30.3 | 10.8 | 15.6 |
Have tried 20 times or less | - | - | 2.5 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 5.4 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 2.4 | 3.3 |
Have tried more than 20 times | - | - | 0.7 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 4.7 | 1.6 | 4.6 | 1.0 | 2.9 |
Total, % | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | - | - |
n | 288 | 678 | 596 | 1090 | 596 | 1075 | 626 | 952 | 2106 | 3795 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Regular use of e-cigarettes * | ||||||||||
I do not use e-cigarettes regularly | 99.7 | 96.8 | 94.0 | 94.4 | 96.2 | |||||
Less than once a week | 0.3 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 2.9 | |||||
Once a week or more often but not daily | - | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.7 | |||||
Once a day or more often | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | |||||
Total, % | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | - | |||||
n | 649 | 1053 | 1052 | 929 | 3683 |
Tried Conventional Cigarettes, % | Never Tried Conventional Cigarettes, % | All E-Cigarette Users, % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of Liquid|Year | 2013 | 2015 | 2013 | 2015 | 2013 | 2015 |
Liquids with nicotine | 69.3 | 55.9 | 22.2 | 21.1 | 65.3 | 50.2 |
Only liquids without nicotine | 20.4 | 25.2 | 59.3 | 52.4 | 23.5 | 29.7 |
Do not know | 10.4 | 18.8 | 18.5 | 26.5 | 11.1 | 20.0 |
Total, % | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
n | 579 | 1375 | 54 | 275 | 637 | 1661 |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.454 | <0.001 |
Characteristics | n | Ever-Use of E-Cigarettes, % | Model 1 * | Model 2 † |
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
Survey year | ||||
2013 | 2931 | 22.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
2015 | 5306 | 32.3 | 1.67 (1.50–1.86) | 2.42 (2.00–2.92) |
Age | ||||
14 | 2984 | 17.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
16 | 2805 | 31.8 | 2.27 (2.00–2.58) | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) |
18 | 2448 | 37.3 | 2.95 (2.60–3.36) | 0.74 (0.61–0.91) |
Gender | ||||
Girl | 4935 | 24.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Boy | 3302 | 32.8 | 1.52 (1.38–1.68) | 1.48 (1.27–1.72) |
Tobacco related factors | ||||
Smoking status | ||||
Never | 4719 | 7.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Experimenter | 2578 | 48.2 | 14.93 (12.85–17.34) | 8.39 (7.03–10.00) |
Daily smoker | 848 | 87.5 | 126.15 (98.58–161.43) | 51.75 (38.18–70.14) |
Snus use | ||||
Never | 6547 | 16.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever | 1676 | 72.5 | 13.14 (11.50–15.01) | 3.14 (2.64–3.75) |
Waterpipe use | ||||
Never | 6701 | 19.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever | 1489 | 67.9 | 8.28 (7.25–9.45) | 2.10 (1.57–2.80) |
Parents’ smoking | ||||
Neither of them smokes | 5703 | 24.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Only mother smokes | 552 | 38.8 | 2.07 (1.72–2.50) | 1.00 (0.75–1.32) |
Only father smokes | 1070 | 35.4 | 1.80 (1.56–2.09) | 1.28 (1.04–1.57) |
Both of them smoke | 564 | 43.5 | 2.67 (2.22–3.21) | 1.40 (1.06–1.85) |
Has seen e-cigarette advertisement | ||||
No | 7368 | 28.2 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Yes | 729 | 38.2 | 1.72 (1.46–2.03) | |
Socioeconomic background | ||||
Academic achievement | ||||
Much or slightly better | 4050 | 22.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
About class average | 3178 | 31.9 | 1.68 (1.51–1.88) | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) |
Slightly or much poorer | 876 | 46.2 | 3.30 (2.82–3.87) | 1.60 (1.26–2.03) |
Family structure | ||||
Intact family | 6430 | 26.9 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Other family type | 1752 | 35.4 | 1.56 (1.38–1.75) | |
Parents’ educational level | ||||
High | 2956 | 25.4 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Middle | 4649 | 30.6 | 1.32 (1.18–1.47) | |
Low | 136 | 31.4 | 1.50 (1.02–2.20) | |
Father’s work situation | ||||
Working | 6856 | 28.7 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Not working | 1007 | 29.0 | 1.02 (0.87–1.18) | |
Mother’s work situation | ||||
Working | 7161 | 28.4 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Not working | 873 | 32.6 | 1.30 (1.12–1.52) |
Characteristics | n | Weekly Use of E-Cigarettes, % | Model 1 * | Model 2 † |
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
Survey year | ||||
2015 | 5132 | 2.1 | ||
Age | ||||
14 | 1907 | 1.1 | 1.00 | n. s. |
16 | 1725 | 2.2 | 2.05 (1.16–3.63) | |
18 | 1500 | 3.2 | 3.07 (1.77–5.31) | |
Gender | ||||
Girl | 3034 | 1.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Boy | 2098 | 3.1 | 2.62 (1.71–4.00) | 2.58 (1.54–4.31) |
Tobacco related factors | ||||
Smoking status | ||||
Never | 3018 | 0.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Experimenter | 1553 | 2.7 | 9.87 (4.52–21.52) | 5.38 (2.07–13.98) |
Daily smoker | 495 | 13.8 | 43.36 (19.65–95.71) | 17.81 (6.48–48.97) |
Snus use | ||||
Never | 4053 | 0.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever | 1075 | 6.0 | 7.25 (4.52–11.64) | 2.98 (1.58–5.64) |
Waterpipe use | ||||
Never | 4153 | 1.2 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Ever | 955 | 5.7 | 5.00 (3.20–7.82) | |
Parents’ smoking | ||||
Neither of them smokes | 3564 | 1.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Only mother smokes | 348 | 3.1 | 2.28 (1.13–4.60) | 1.27 (0.56–2.86) |
Only father smokes | 656 | 4.4 | 2.94 (1.74–4.96) | 2.14 (1.18–3.87) |
Both of them smoke | 319 | 6.1 | 4.38 (2.43–7.90) | 2.02 (1.00–4.09) |
Has seen e-cigarette advertisement | ||||
No | 4697 | 2.1 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Yes | 385 | 2.7 | 1.49 (0.77–2.91) | |
Socioeconomic background | ||||
Academic achievement | ||||
Much or slightly better | 2546 | 1.2 | 1.00 | n. s. |
About class average | 1994 | 2.6 | 2.21 (1.35–3.62) | |
Slightly or much poorer | 550 | 4.4 | 3.84 (2.14–6.91) | |
Family structure | ||||
Intact family | 4017 | 1.7 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Other family type | 1080 | 3.5 | 2.14 (1.39–3.30) | |
Parents’ educational level | ||||
High | 1887 | 1.5 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Middle | 2885 | 2.3 | 1.51 (0.94–2.44) | |
Low | 70 | 1.7 | 1.08 (0.14–8.15) | |
Father’s work situation | ||||
Working | 4311 | 2.1 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Not working | 626 | 1.9 | 0.95 (0.50–1.80) | |
Mother’s work situation | ||||
Working | 4478 | 2.1 | 1.00 | n. s. |
Not working | 550 | 2.8 | 1.34 (0.74–2.43) |
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Kinnunen, J.M.; Ollila, H.; Lindfors, P.L.; Rimpelä, A.H. Changes in Electronic Cigarette Use from 2013 to 2015 and Reasons for Use among Finnish Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111114
Kinnunen JM, Ollila H, Lindfors PL, Rimpelä AH. Changes in Electronic Cigarette Use from 2013 to 2015 and Reasons for Use among Finnish Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(11):1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111114
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinnunen, Jaana M., Hanna Ollila, Pirjo L. Lindfors, and Arja H. Rimpelä. 2016. "Changes in Electronic Cigarette Use from 2013 to 2015 and Reasons for Use among Finnish Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 11: 1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111114