Mitigation of Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation and Vasoactivity in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Cells
2.2. Fatty Acid Oil Saponification
2.3. Stock Preparation
2.4. Cell Culture
2.5. Experimental Design
2.6. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA)
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of DEP
3.2. Effect of ω-3-PUFAs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Comparisons | 24-Hours | 48-Hours | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
t-Value | p-Value | t-Value | p-Value | |
ET-1 | ||||
DHA vs. NT | 2.20 | 0.24 | 3.33 | 0.30 |
EPA vs. NT | 1.75 | 0.53 | 1.58 | 0.71 |
OSU45 vs. NT | −0.32 | 1.00 | 1.62 | 0.66 |
DHA vs. EPA | 0.45 | 1.00 | 1.75 | 0.53 |
DHA vs. OSU45 | 2.52 | 0.13 | 1.71 | 0.56 |
EPA vs. OSU45 | 2.07 | 0.30 | −0.04 | 1.00 |
IL-6 | ||||
DHA vs. NT | −1.98 | 0.35 | −4.33 | <0.01 |
EPA vs. NT | 0.05 | 1.00 | 2.08 | 0.30 |
OSU45 vs. NT | −1.82 | 0.47 | −1.96 | 0.37 |
DHA vs. EPA | −2.03 | 0.33 | −6.41 | <0.01 |
DHA vs. OSU45 | −0.16 | 1.00 | −2.37 | 0.18 |
EPA vs. OSU45 | 1.87 | 0.43 | 4.04 | <0.01 |
IL-8 | ||||
DHA vs. NT | 0.53 | 1.00 | 1.46 | 0.83 |
EPA vs. NT | 3.19 | 0.04 | 2.08 | <0.01 |
OSU45 vs. NT | −0.55 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 1.00 |
DHA vs. EPA | −2.66 | 0.10 | −2.61 | 0.11 |
DHA vs. OSU45 | 1.08 | 1.00 | −0.86 | 1.00 |
EPA vs. OSU45 | 3.74 | 0.01 | −3.47 | 0.02 |
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Sriram, J.; Adetona, O.; Orchard, T.; Wu, C.-M.; Odei, J. Mitigation of Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation and Vasoactivity in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102293
Sriram J, Adetona O, Orchard T, Wu C-M, Odei J. Mitigation of Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation and Vasoactivity in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(10):2293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102293
Chicago/Turabian StyleSriram, Jaya, Olorunfemi Adetona, Tonya Orchard, Chieh-Ming Wu, and James Odei. 2018. "Mitigation of Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation and Vasoactivity in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102293