Evaluating Ecosystem Services Supply and Demand Dynamics and Ecological Zoning Management in Wuhan, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Mapping the Supply and Demand for Four Ecosystems Services
2.3.1. Water Yield (WY)
2.3.2. Grain Yield (GY)
2.3.3. Climate Regulation (CR)
2.3.4. Recreation Services (RS)
2.4. Construction and Evaluation of the ES Supply and Demand Index
2.4.1. ES Supply–Demand Ratio (ESDR)
2.4.2. Comprehensive Supply–Demand Ratio (CESDR)
3. Results
3.1. Evolution of Relationships Between ES Supply and Demand
3.1.1. Water Yield
3.1.2. Grain Yield
3.1.3. Climate Regulation
3.1.4. Recreation Services
3.2. Mismatches between Comprehensive ES Supply and Demand
3.2.1. Mapping the Comprehensive ES Supply and Demand Ratio
3.2.2. Changes in Comprehensive ES Supply and Demand Along Different Directions within Wuhan
3.3. Ecological Zoning Management
4. Discussion
4.1. Trade-Off and Synergy of Ecosystem Services Supply
4.2. Practical Implications of the Imbalance Between ES Supply and Demand
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chen, F.; Li, L.; Niu, J.; Lin, A.; Chen, S.; Hao, L. Evaluating Ecosystem Services Supply and Demand Dynamics and Ecological Zoning Management in Wuhan, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2332. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132332
Chen F, Li L, Niu J, Lin A, Chen S, Hao L. Evaluating Ecosystem Services Supply and Demand Dynamics and Ecological Zoning Management in Wuhan, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(13):2332. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132332
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Feiyan, Ling Li, Jiqiang Niu, Aiwen Lin, Shiyu Chen, and Lin Hao. 2019. "Evaluating Ecosystem Services Supply and Demand Dynamics and Ecological Zoning Management in Wuhan, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13: 2332. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132332