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Review

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by
Hai Pham
1,2,*,
Aninda Rahman
1,2,
Azam Majidi
1,2,
Mary Waterhouse
1 and
Rachel E. Neale
1,2
1
Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QL 4006, Australia
2
School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QL 4006, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(17), 3020; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173020
Submission received: 29 July 2019 / Revised: 15 August 2019 / Accepted: 19 August 2019 / Published: 21 August 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sun Exposure and Vitamin D for Public Health)
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Abstract

Observational studies and randomised controlled studies suggest that vitamin D plays a role in the prevention of acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI); however, findings are inconsistent and the optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration remains unclear. To review the link between 25(OH)D concentration and ARTI, we searched PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify observational studies reporting the association between 25(OH)D concentration and risk or severity of ARTI. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool findings across studies. Twenty-four studies were included in the review, 14 were included in the meta-analysis of ARTI risk and five in the meta-analysis of severity. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with risk and severity of ARTI; pooled odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.83 (1.42–2.37) and 2.46 (1.65–3.66), respectively, comparing the lowest with the highest 25(OH)D category. For each 10 nmol/L decrease in 25(OH)D concentration, the odds of ARTI increased by 1.02 (0.97–1.07). This was a non-linear trend, with the sharpest increase in risk of ARTI occurring at 25(OH)D concentration < 37.5 nmol/L. In conclusion, there is an inverse non-linear association between 25(OH)D concentration and ARTI.
Keywords: respiratory infection; vitamin D; systematic review; observational studies; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; meta-analysis; acute infection respiratory infection; vitamin D; systematic review; observational studies; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; meta-analysis; acute infection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pham, H.; Rahman, A.; Majidi, A.; Waterhouse, M.; Neale, R.E. Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173020

AMA Style

Pham H, Rahman A, Majidi A, Waterhouse M, Neale RE. Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(17):3020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173020

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pham, Hai, Aninda Rahman, Azam Majidi, Mary Waterhouse, and Rachel E. Neale. 2019. "Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17: 3020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173020

APA Style

Pham, H., Rahman, A., Majidi, A., Waterhouse, M., & Neale, R. E. (2019). Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17), 3020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173020

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