Internal and External Demands in Basketball Referees during the U-16 European Women’s Championship
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Ethics
2.4. Variables
2.5. Internal Load
2.6. External Load
2.7. Materials
2.8. Statistical analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Practical Applications
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Male (6) | Female (3) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | |
Age (Yrs.) | 44 | 37 | 49 | 39 | 34 | 44 |
Experience (Yrs.) | 25 | 20 | 32 | 15 | 10 | 21 |
Height (m) | 1.83 | 1.78 | 1.96 | 1.74 | 1.70 | 1.80 |
Body Mass (kg) | 78.48 | 67.3 | 92.5 | 71.13 | 61.2 | 86.9 |
Body Fat (%) | 13.55 | 9.5 | 16.3 | 23.87 | 19.9 | 29.2 |
Muscle Mass (%) | 64.27 | 55.7 | 73.6 | 50.80 | 46.5 | 57.9 |
Bone Mass (%) | 3.33 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 2.73 | 2.5 | 3.1 |
BMI | 23.17 | 20.4 | 25.1 | 23.27 | 20.4 | 26.8 |
DCI (kcal) | 4079 | 3530 | 4748 | 2865 | 2619 | 3284 |
Metabolic Age (Yrs.) | 29 | 22 | 34 | 27 | 19 | 37 |
Body Water (%) | 62.28 | 59.5 | 65.5 | 55.67 | 51.6 | 58.4 |
Visceral Fat (%) | 5 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
Variables | Periods | Mean | SD | 95% IC | Min | Max | F | Sig. | f | ϕ | p | DbP | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L | U | |||||||||||||
Internal Load Variables | ||||||||||||||
%HRMax | 1 | 63 | 8 | 61 | 65 | 42 | 77 | 3.155 | 0.026 | 0.982 | 1.000 | * | π | |
2 | 64 | 8 | 61 | 66 | 47 | 82 | ||||||||
3 | 59 | 9 | 57 | 62 | 36 | 85 | ||||||||
4 | 60 | 9 | 57 | 63 | 36 | 86 | ||||||||
TG | 62 | 7 | 60 | 64 | 47 | 78 | ||||||||
HRavg (bpm) | 1 | 126 | 15 | 122 | 131 | 84 | 154 | 3.155 | 0.026 | 0.982 | 1.000 | * | π | |
2 | 128 | 17 | 123 | 133 | 93 | 164 | ||||||||
3 | 119 | 18 | 113 | 124 | 71 | 169 | ||||||||
4 | 120 | 18 | 114 | 125 | 72 | 172 | ||||||||
TG | 124 | 14 | 119 | 128 | 93 | 156 | ||||||||
Zones HRMax (% time per zones) | 50–60% | 1 | 25.52 | 21.00 | 19.14 | 31.91 | 0.00 | 73.22 | 2.505 | 0.061 | 0.669 | 1.000 | ||
2 | 26.83 | 21.64 | 20.25 | 33.41 | 0.00 | 69.67 | ||||||||
3 | 35.51 | 21.09 | 29.17 | 41.84 | 0.00 | 65.12 | ||||||||
4 | 34.61 | 23.31 | 27.61 | 41.62 | 0.00 | 69.73 | ||||||||
TG | 30.93 | 18.10 | 25.50 | 36.37 | 0.00 | 64.57 | ||||||||
60–70% | 1 | 40.25 | 21.76 | 33.63 | 46.87 | 0.00 | 75.76 | 0.814 | 0.488 | 0.741 | 1.000 | |||
2 | 38.74 | 23.06 | 31.72 | 45.75 | 0.00 | 81.87 | ||||||||
3 | 33.38 | 20.73 | 27.15 | 39.60 | 0.00 | 74.45 | ||||||||
4 | 36.32 | 23.25 | 29.34 | 43.31 | 0.00 | 88.24 | ||||||||
TG | 36.88 | 19.39 | 31.05 | 42.70 | 0.00 | 72.41 | ||||||||
70–80% | 1 | 20.13 | 22.54 | 13.27 | 26.98 | 0.00 | 76.90 | 2.799 | 0.042 | 0.379 | 1.000 | * | β | |
2 | 18.68 | 20.87 | 12.34 | 25.03 | 0.00 | 71.83 | ||||||||
3 | 10.53 | 17.21 | 5.36 | 15.70 | 0.00 | 70.30 | ||||||||
4 | 11.37 | 17.59 | 6.08 | 16.65 | 0.00 | 84.37 | ||||||||
TG | 15.04 | 17.89 | 9.67 | 20.42 | 0.00 | 75.35 | ||||||||
80–90% | 1 | 2.91 | 8.42 | 0.35 | 5.47 | 0.00 | 51.50 | 0.928 | 0.428 | 0.091 | 0.986 | |||
2 | 4.29 | 11.06 | 0.92 | 7.65 | 0.00 | 51.44 | ||||||||
3 | 1.70 | 7.08 | –0.42 | 3.83 | 0.00 | 42.79 | ||||||||
4 | 1.71 | 6.78 | –0.33 | 3.75 | 0.00 | 36.07 | ||||||||
TG | 2.65 | 6.09 | 0.82 | 4.48 | 0.00 | 27.50 | ||||||||
90–95% | 1 | 0.28 | 1.88 | –0.29 | 0.86 | 0.00 | 12.48 | 0.325 | 0.807 | 0.033 | 0.673 | |||
2 | 0.70 | 2.68 | –0.11 | 1.52 | 0.00 | 12.64 | ||||||||
3 | 0.35 | 2.32 | –0.35 | 1.04 | 0.00 | 15.59 | ||||||||
4 | 0.32 | 2.12 | –0.32 | 0.95 | 0.00 | 14.23 | ||||||||
TG | 0.40 | 1.49 | –0.05 | 0.85 | 0.00 | 7.44 | ||||||||
>95% | 1 | 0.09 | 0.59 | –0.09 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 3.93 | 0.479 | 0.697 | 0.015 | 0.364 | |||
2 | 0.19 | 1.26 | –0.19 | 0.57 | 0.00 | 8.37 | ||||||||
3 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
4 | 0.08 | 0.57 | –0.09 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 3.81 | ||||||||
TG | 0.09 | 0.36 | –0.02 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 2.04 |
Variables | Periods | Mean | SD | 95% IC | Min | Max | F | Sig. | f | ϕ | p | DbP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L | U | ||||||||||||||
Kinematic External Load Variables | |||||||||||||||
Accelerations (n) | 1 | 282.45 | 44.029 | 269.07 | 295.84 | 180 | 396 | 1.098 | 0.351 | 0.968 | 1.000 | ||||
2 | 267.89 | 43.951 | 254.52 | 281.25 | 183 | 364 | |||||||||
3 | 272.69 | 44.349 | 259.36 | 286.01 | 188 | 414 | |||||||||
4 | 264.38 | 63.805 | 245.21 | 283.55 | 135 | 490 | |||||||||
TG | 1079.36 | 192.344 | 1021.57 | 1137.14 | 371 | 1639 | |||||||||
Decelerations (n) | 1 | 131.50 | 39.032 | 119.63 | 143.37 | 58 | 236 | 0.246 | 0.864 | 0.920 | 1.000 | ||||
2 | 126.91 | 35.824 | 116.02 | 137.80 | 70 | 208 | |||||||||
3 | 126.16 | 32.891 | 116.27 | 136.04 | 61 | 227 | |||||||||
4 | 125.07 | 43.434 | 112.02 | 138.12 | 53 | 270 | |||||||||
TG | 505.49 | 138.441 | 463.90 | 547.08 | 126 | 890 | |||||||||
Acc/min (m/s2) | 1 | 13.99 | 2.16 | 13.33 | 14.64 | 9.86 | 17.80 | 0.589 | 0.623 | 0.977 | 1.000 | ||||
2 | 13.70 | 2.07 | 13.07 | 14.33 | 10.25 | 18.40 | |||||||||
3 | 13.72 | 2.18 | 13.06 | 14.37 | 9.58 | 19.67 | |||||||||
4 | 13.39 | 2.15 | 12.74 | 14.03 | 9.44 | 17.98 | |||||||||
TG | 13.65 | 1.92 | 13.07 | 14.23 | 10.12 | 17.35 | |||||||||
Dec/min (m/s2) | 1 | 6.56 | 2.13 | 5.91 | 7.21 | 3.23 | 11.46 | 0.158 | 0.924 | 0.921 | 1.000 | ||||
2 | 6.53 | 1.91 | 5.95 | 7.11 | 3.54 | 11.98 | |||||||||
3 | 6.38 | 1.78 | 5.85 | 6.92 | 3.11 | 11.20 | |||||||||
4 | 6.32 | 1.82 | 5.78 | 6.87 | 3.14 | 10.40 | |||||||||
TG | 6.40 | 1.68 | 5.90 | 6.91 | 3.44 | 9.87 | |||||||||
VMax (m/s) | 1 | 18.61 | 1.24 | 18.24 | 18.99 | 16.00 | 21.77 | 0.961 | 0.413 | 0.996 | 1.000 | ||||
2 | 18.69 | 1.12 | 18.35 | 19.03 | 16.95 | 22.89 | |||||||||
3 | 18.59 | 1.31 | 18.19 | 18.98 | 15.54 | 21.85 | |||||||||
4 | 18.29 | 1.15 | 17.94 | 18.63 | 16.43 | 22.54 | |||||||||
TG | 18.91 | 1.17 | 18.56 | 19.26 | 16.86 | 22.89 | |||||||||
Vavg (m/s) | 1 | 4.99 | 0.23 | 4.92 | 5.06 | 4.52 | 5.57 | 4.843 | 0.003 | 0.997 | 1.000 | ** | γβ | ||
2 | 4.89 | 0.29 | 4.80 | 4.97 | 4.32 | 5.77 | |||||||||
3 | 4.83 | 0.27 | 4.75 | 4.91 | 4.27 | 5.40 | |||||||||
4 | 4.78 | 0.31 | 4.69 | 4.87 | 4.12 | 5.36 | |||||||||
TG | 4.87 | 0.21 | 4.80 | 4.93 | 4.45 | 5.48 | |||||||||
Steps (n) | 1 | 713 | 130 | 673 | 752 | 389 | 979 | 3.504 | 0.017 | 0.961 | 1.000 | * | γ | ||
2 | 657 | 117 | 621 | 692 | 421 | 932 | |||||||||
3 | 647 | 132 | 607 | 686 | 295 | 993 | |||||||||
4 | 623 | 157 | 576 | 671 | 288 | 986 | |||||||||
TG | 2616 | 543 | 2452 | 2779 | 1065 | 3728 | |||||||||
Steps/min | 1 | 35 | 6 | 33 | 37 | 22 | 49 | 2.093 | 0.103 | 0.961 | 1.000 | ||||
2 | 34 | 7 | 32 | 36 | 21 | 47 | |||||||||
3 | 33 | 7 | 31 | 35 | 13 | 44 | |||||||||
4 | 32 | 7 | 30 | 34 | 12 | 46 | |||||||||
TG | 33 | 6 | 31 | 35 | 16 | 44 | |||||||||
Distance (m) | 1 | 1164 | 145 | 1120 | 1208 | 865 | 1434 | 4.774 | 0.003 | 0.982 | 1.000 | ** | γ | ||
2 | 1089 | 112 | 1055 | 1123 | 902 | 1339 | |||||||||
3 | 1083 | 127 | 1045 | 1121 | 730 | 1309 | |||||||||
4 | 1049 | 194 | 990 | 1107 | 690 | 1738 | |||||||||
TG | 4330 | 603 | 4149 | 4512 | 1832 | 5553 | |||||||||
Distance/min (m/min) | 1 | 58 | 7 | 56 | 60 | 44 | 74 | 3.264 | 0.023 | 0.986 | 1.000 | * | γ | ||
2 | 56 | 7 | 54 | 58 | 45 | 78 | |||||||||
3 | 54 | 6 | 53 | 56 | 44 | 71 | |||||||||
4 | 54 | 7 | 51 | 56 | 42 | 68 | |||||||||
TG | 55 | 5 | 53 | 57 | 45 | 70 | |||||||||
Speed Zones (m) | V1 | 1 | 513.89 | 83.25 | 488.58 | 539.20 | 358.02 | 718.21 | 0.312 | 0.816 | 0.974 | 1.000 | |||
2 | 499.80 | 67.48 | 479.29 | 520.32 | 382.38 | 672.81 | |||||||||
3 | 502.95 | 73.09 | 480.99 | 524.91 | 361.80 | 690.82 | |||||||||
4 | 498.61 | 102.78 | 467.73 | 529.49 | 262.55 | 845.39 | |||||||||
TG | 2000.06 | 317.48 | 1904.68 | 2095.45 | 765.11 | 2777.68 | |||||||||
V2 | 1 | 389.45 | 54.72 | 372.81 | 406.08 | 280.06 | 530.40 | 1.460 | 0.227 | 0.978 | 1.000 | ||||
2 | 370.14 | 45.50 | 356.31 | 383.98 | 277.85 | 484.52 | |||||||||
3 | 368.38 | 46.63 | 354.37 | 382.39 | 275.89 | 491.62 | |||||||||
4 | 368.67 | 73.35 | 346.64 | 390.71 | 224.66 | 641.77 | |||||||||
TG | 1483.23 | 201.53 | 1422.69 | 1543.78 | 737.59 | 1901.84 | |||||||||
V3 | 1 | 235.71 | 55.92 | 218.71 | 252.71 | 138.31 | 370.24 | 9.974 | 0.000 | 0.925 | 1.000 | ** | αβγε | ||
2 | 202.40 | 61.41 | 183.73 | 221.07 | 86.73 | 399.46 | |||||||||
3 | 194.79 | 62.52 | 176.00 | 213.57 | 52.88 | 329.70 | |||||||||
4 | 169.15 | 51.16 | 153.78 | 184.52 | 69.67 | 339.18 | |||||||||
TG | 794.13 | 201.76 | 733.52 | 854.75 | 329.51 | 1399.68 | |||||||||
V4 | 1 | 19.47 | 13.88 | 15.25 | 23.68 | 2.99 | 59.76 | 6.167 | 0.001 | 0.614 | 1.000 | ** | γ | ||
2 | 13.99 | 10.93 | 10.67 | 17.31 | 0.00 | 45.15 | |||||||||
3 | 14.89 | 12.02 | 11.28 | 18.50 | 0.00 | 53.39 | |||||||||
4 | 9.03 | 8.54 | 6.46 | 11.60 | 0.00 | 33.16 | |||||||||
TG | 56.70 | 34.11 | 46.46 | 66.95 | 0.00 | 143.31 |
Variables | Periods | Mean | SD | 95% IC | Min | Max | F | Sig. | f | ϕ | p | DbP | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L | U | ||||||||||||
Neuromuscular External Load Variables | |||||||||||||
PlayerLoad (PL) | 1 | 11.92 | 1.89 | 11.35 | 12.50 | 8.58 | 16.03 | 4.940 | 0.003 | 0.973 | 1.000 | ** | γ |
2 | 11.08 | 1.75 | 10.55 | 11.62 | 7.81 | 14.64 | |||||||
3 | 11.04 | 1.78 | 10.50 | 11.58 | 6.98 | 14.47 | |||||||
4 | 10.39 | 2.10 | 9.76 | 11.02 | 7.08 | 14.91 | |||||||
TG | 44.13 | 7.92 | 41.75 | 46.51 | 19.06 | 62.77 | |||||||
PlayerLoad/min (PL/m) | 1 | 0.59 | 0.09 | 0.56 | 0.62 | 0.40 | 0.86 | 3.134 | 0.027 | 0.973 | 1.000 | * | γ |
2 | 0.57 | 0.10 | 0.54 | 0.60 | 0.36 | 0.82 | |||||||
3 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 0.53 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.85 | |||||||
4 | 0.53 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.37 | 0.79 | |||||||
TG | 0.56 | 0.08 | 0.53 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.77 | |||||||
Power Metabolic (PMet) | 1 | 3.61 | 0.48 | 3.47 | 3.76 | 2.54 | 4.60 | 4.615 | 0.004 | 0.969 | 1.000 | ** | γ |
2 | 3.43 | 0.93 | 3.15 | 3.71 | 2.69 | 9.03 | |||||||
3 | 3.32 | 0.40 | 3.20 | 3.45 | 2.15 | 4.25 | |||||||
4 | 3.14 | 0.51 | 2.99 | 3.29 | 2.11 | 4.74 | |||||||
TG | 15.60 | 2.57 | 14.83 | 16.37 | 5.60 | 21.65 | |||||||
Power Metabolic/min (PMet/m) | 1 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 4.104 | 0.008 | 0.976 | 1.000 | ** | γ |
2 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.38 | |||||||
3 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.22 | |||||||
4 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.20 | |||||||
TG | 0.20 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.27 | |||||||
Impacts | 1 | 277 | 100 | 247 | 307 | 84 | 542 | 1.450 | 0.230 | 0.883 | 1.000 | ||
2 | 257 | 99 | 227 | 287 | 76 | 480 | |||||||
3 | 262 | 91 | 234 | 289 | 98 | 445 | |||||||
4 | 236 | 90 | 209 | 263 | 86 | 418 | |||||||
TG | 1025 | 372 | 913 | 1136 | 344 | 1890 |
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García-Santos, D.; Pino-Ortega, J.; García-Rubio, J.; Vaquera, A.; Ibáñez, S.J. Internal and External Demands in Basketball Referees during the U-16 European Women’s Championship. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183421
García-Santos D, Pino-Ortega J, García-Rubio J, Vaquera A, Ibáñez SJ. Internal and External Demands in Basketball Referees during the U-16 European Women’s Championship. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(18):3421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183421
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía-Santos, David, José Pino-Ortega, Javier García-Rubio, Alejandro Vaquera, and Sergio J. Ibáñez. 2019. "Internal and External Demands in Basketball Referees during the U-16 European Women’s Championship" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183421