Maternal Mental Illness Is Associated with Adverse Neonate Outcomes: An Analysis of Inpatient Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Source and Population
2.2. Data Variables
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Mental Health Basics. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/basics.htm (accessed on 4 October 2013).
- NIH (National Institutes of Health). Mental Healthcare Cost Data for All Americans. 2006. Available online: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/cost/mental-healthcare-cost-data-for-all-americans-2006.shtml (accessed on 3 October 2016).
- Bingham, D.; Strauss, N.; Coeytaux, F. Maternal Mortality in the United States: A Human Rights Failure. Maternal Mortality in the United States: A Human Rights Failure. Contraception 2011, 83, 189–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Schetter, C.D.; Lynlee, T. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: Implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 2012, 25, 141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cheng, C.-Y.; Eileen, R.F.; Lorraiine, O.W. Postpartum Maternal Health Care in the United States: A Critical Review. J. Perinat. Educ. 2006, 15, 34–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Satyanarayana, V.A.; Lukose, A.; Srinivasan, K. Maternal mental health in pregnancy and child behavior. Indian J. Psychiatry 2011, 53, 351–361. [Google Scholar]
- Stein, A.; Malmberg, L.-E.; Sylva, K.; Barnes, J.; Leach, P. The influence of maternal depression, caregiving, and socioeconomic status in the post-natal year on children’s language development. Child Care Health Dev. 2008, 34, 603–612. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hardie, J.H.; Landale, N.S. Profiles of Risk: Maternal Health, Socioeconomic Status, and Child Health. J. Marriage Fam. 2013, 75, 651–666. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Matijasevich, A.; Victora, C.G.; Lawlor, D.A.; Golding, J.; Menezes, A.M.B.; Araújo, C.L.; Smith, G.D. Association of socioeconomic position with maternal pregnancy and infant health outcomes in birth cohort studies from Brazil and the UK. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2012, 66, 127–135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Infant Mortality Rate. Available online: https://www.kidsdata.org/topic/294/infantmortality/table#fmt=2521&loc=2364,367,366,368&tf=120&sortTyso=asc (accessed on 29 September 2019).
- Husing, J.E. Detailed Status of the Inland Empire Economy; Southern California Association of Governments: Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Barker, D.J.P. Adult consequences of fetal growth restriction. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 2006, 49, 270–283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Moster, D.; Lie, R.T.; Markestad, T. Long-Term Medical and Social Consequences of Preterm Birth. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008, 359, 262–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Healthy People. 2020 Topics and Objectives—A–Z. Available online: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives (accessed on 4 April 2018).
- CMS. Details for title: Files for FY 2008 Final Rule and Correction Notice. Available online: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/AcuteInpatientPPS/Acute-Inpatient-Files-for-Download-Items/CMS1247844.html (accessed on 29 September 2019).
- HCUP. Clinical Classifications Software (CCS) for ICD-9-CM. Available online: https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/toolssoftware/ccs/ccs.jsp (accessed on 5 October 2018).
- Medicare.gov. What’s Medicare? Available online: https://www.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/your-medicare-coverage-choices/whats-medicare (accessed on 11 October 2019).
- Medicaid.gov. Available online: https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/index.html (accessed on 11 October 2019).
- Deyo, R. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 1992, 45, 613–619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sucksdorff, M.; Lehtonen, L.; Chudal, R.; Suominen, A.; Joelsson, P.; Gissler, M.; Sourander, A. Preterm Birth and Poor Fetal Growth as Risk Factors of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatrics 2015, 136, 599–608. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hoffman, S.; Hatch, M.C. Depressive symptomatology during pregnancy: Evidence for an association with decreased fetal growth in pregnancies of lower social class women. Heal. Psychol. 2000, 19, 535–543. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grote, N.K.; Bridge, J.A.; Gavin, A.R.; Melville, J.L.; Iyengar, S.; Katon, W.J. A meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2010, 67, 1012–1024. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- DeHaven, M.J.; Hunter, I.B.; Wilder, L.; Walton, J.W.; Berry, J. Health Programs in Faith-Based Organizations: Are They Effective? Am. J. Public Heal. 2004, 94, 1030–1036. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Goyal, N.K.; Hall, E.S.; Meinzen-Derr, J.K.; Kahn, R.S.; Short, J.A.; Van Ginkel, J.B.; Ammerman, R.T. Dosage Effect of Prenatal Home Visiting on Pregnancy Outcomes in At-Risk, First-Time Mothers. Pediatrics 2013, 132, 118–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rosenthal, E.L.; Brownstein, J.N.; Rush, C.H.; Hirsch, G.R.; Willaert, A.M.; Scott, J.R.; Holderby, L.R.; Fox, D.J.; Kovner, A.; Sandman, D. Community Health Workers: Part of the Solution. Heal. Aff. 2010, 29, 1338–1342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Whitley, E.M.; Everhart, R.M.; Wright, R.A. Measuring return on investment of outreach by Community Health Workers. J. Heal. Care Poor Underserved 2006, 17, 6–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Niemeyer, A.E.; Wong, M.M.; Westerhaus, K.J. Parental involvement, familismo, and academic performance in Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents. N. Am. J. Psychol. 2019, 11, 613–632. [Google Scholar]
Poor Fetal Growth | Preterm Delivery | |
---|---|---|
Any Mental Illness | *** | *** |
No | 1967 (1.11) | 11,811 (6.69) |
Yes | 58 (2.50) | 300 (12.93) |
Age Categories | * | *** |
18–34 years | 1726 (1.11) | 10,123 (6.52) |
35–64 years | 299 (1.28) | 1988 (8.51) |
Primary Payer Type | *** | *** |
Medicare | 15 (2.92) | 51 (9.94) |
Medicaid | 981 (1.06) | 6215 (6.72) |
Private coverage | 952 (1.20) | 5258 (6.65) |
All Other | 77 (1.15) | 584 (8.73) |
Race/Ethnicity | *** | *** |
Non-Hispanic White | 565 (1.34) | 2902 (6.87) |
Hispanic | 730 (0.84) | 5424 (6.23) |
Non-Hispanic Black | 117 (1.52) | 752 (9.75) |
Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander | 42 (1.51) | 188 (6.77) |
Other | 26 (1.34) | 123 (6.34) |
Charlson–Deyo Index | *** | *** |
0 | 1884 (1.09) | 11,300 (6.53) |
1 | 122 (2.24) | 722 (13.24) |
2 or more | 19 (5.44) | 89 (25.50) |
Poor Fetal Growth | Preterm Delivery | |
---|---|---|
Mental illness present | ||
Yes | 1.79 (1.30, 2.47) ** | 1.64 (1.41, 1.90) *** |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Age (years) | ||
18–34 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
35–64 | 1.13 (0.98, 1.31) | 1.37 (1.29, 1.45) *** |
Payer type | ||
Private | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medicare | 1.57 (0.78, 3.15) | 1.08 (0.75, 1.55) |
Medicaid | 1.06 (0.94, 1.19) | 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) * |
Other | 0.90 (0.68, 1.20) | 1.46 (1.32, 1.62) *** |
Race/ethnicity | ||
Hispanic | 0.67 (0.60, 0.76) *** | 0.91 (0.87, 0.96) ** |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1.16 (0.95, 1.42) | 1.37 (1.26, 1.50) *** |
Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.12 (0.82, 1.54) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.13) |
Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Other | 1.07 (0.72, 1.57) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.19) |
Charlson Deyo Index | ||
0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1 | 1.41 (1.10, 1.80) ** | 1.90 (1.72, 2.09) *** |
2 or more | 2.81 (1.42, 5.54) ** | 3.83 (2.85, 5.14) *** |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lopez, A.; Becerra, M.B.; Becerra, B.J. Maternal Mental Illness Is Associated with Adverse Neonate Outcomes: An Analysis of Inpatient Data. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214135
Lopez A, Becerra MB, Becerra BJ. Maternal Mental Illness Is Associated with Adverse Neonate Outcomes: An Analysis of Inpatient Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(21):4135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214135
Chicago/Turabian StyleLopez, Abigail, Monideepa B. Becerra, and Benjamin J. Becerra. 2019. "Maternal Mental Illness Is Associated with Adverse Neonate Outcomes: An Analysis of Inpatient Data" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21: 4135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214135
APA StyleLopez, A., Becerra, M. B., & Becerra, B. J. (2019). Maternal Mental Illness Is Associated with Adverse Neonate Outcomes: An Analysis of Inpatient Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21), 4135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214135