Interventional Effects of Weight-Loss Policy in a Healthy City among Participants with Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Intervention Program
- (1)
- Health condition standard score = (Sum of the total score of the 3 specific questions)/15 × 100
- (2)
- Exercise index score = Exercise intensity score × Exercise time score × Exercise frequency score
- (3)
- Diet behavior standard score is divided into 2 parts:Outside food behavior score = (Sum of the total score of the 6 specific questions)/24 × 100Cooking at home behavior score = (Sum of the total score of the 8 specific questions)/32 × 100
- (4)
- The standard score based on the recognition of MetS = (Number of correct answers for each question/Total number of selections for questions) × 100
2.3. Physical Status
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Township | Pre-Test | Post-Test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | Response Rate | n | % | Response Rate | |
Miaoli | 296 | 14.3 | 100.0 | 236 | 12.5 | 79.7 |
Yuanli | 160 | 7.7 | 100.0 | 126 | 6.7 | 78.8 |
Tongxiao | 159 | 7.7 | 100.0 | 158 | 8.4 | 99.4 |
Zhunan | 148 | 7.2 | 100.0 | 146 | 7.7 | 98.6 |
Toufen | 243 | 11.8 | 100.0 | 177 | 9.4 | 72.8 |
Houlong | 107 | 5.2 | 100.0 | 107 | 5.7 | 100.0 |
Zhuolan | 48 | 2.3 | 100.0 | 48 | 2.5 | 100.0 |
Dahu | 78 | 3.8 | 100.0 | 77 | 4.1 | 98.7 |
Gongguan | 84 | 4.1 | 100.0 | 82 | 4.3 | 97.6 |
Tongluo | 97 | 4.7 | 100.0 | 96 | 5.1 | 99.0 |
Nanzhuang | 46 | 2.2 | 100.0 | 46 | 2.4 | 100.0 |
Touwu | 114 | 5.5 | 100.0 | 114 | 6.1 | 100.0 |
Sanyi | 104 | 5.0 | 100.0 | 89 | 4.7 | 85.6 |
Xihu | 104 | 5.0 | 100.0 | 104 | 5.5 | 100.0 |
Zaoqiao | 85 | 4.1 | 100.0 | 85 | 4.5 | 100.0 |
Sanwan | 48 | 2.3 | 100.0 | 48 | 2.5 | 100.0 |
Shitan | 80 | 3.9 | 100.0 | 79 | 4.2 | 98.8 |
Tai’an | 67 | 3.2 | 100.0 | 67 | 3.6 | 100.0 |
Total | 2068 | 100 | 100.0 | 1886 | 100 | 91.2 |
Sessions | Objectives | A Summary of Topics and Activities |
---|---|---|
Healthy eating | To increase awareness of the benefits of healthy eating | -Set one day per month as “vegetable and fruit healthy day”: media broadcasting promotion movie on the same day -Promote a healthy restaurant: eat local food and create new menu -Hold healthy eating contest: assist restaurant to prepare local food and develop healthy eating -Develop campus vegetable and fruit project: assist and design healthy eating project in college and university -Recruit vending carts selling fresh vegetable dishes to remote areas -Develop a convenient shopping environment for vegetables and fruit in offices -Provide free healthy menu: set out low calorie high fiber menu in high density population area -Develop organic vegetable and fruit planting: combine food scraps activity and assign planting section to provide free organic vegetables and fruit to citizens |
Regular exercise | To increase exercise capacity gradually | -Provide healthy recreational sports map: set the flash board for the length and calorie expenditure of regular walking -Combination of exercise and breaking through the barricade: apply the exercise map resource (8 exercise spots set by 18 towns) and encourage students to participate the physical activity -Apply exercise map to civil departments; Miaoli County Government holds outdoor recreation and physical activity on a holiday |
Healthy weight loss | To prevent the risk of metabolic syndrome | -Evaluation by questionnaire (cause of overweight environmental assessment, exercise and eat healthy investigation) and weight scale -Screening: (i) analyze and compare the improvements of participants’ recognition, attitude, and behavior after 12 weeks of public health education; (ii) screen participants’ body weight and follow-up each week; (iii) observe the effect of weight loss and the ratio of regain weight again. -Evaluate the status of improvements: (i) compare participants who exercise regularly before and after; (ii) compare participants who maintain a healthy diet before and after; (iii) analyze body weight before and after. |
Characteristics | Category | n | Mean | SD | t/F | Post Hoc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male (1) | 561 | 72.49 | 15.81 | −0.02 | |
Female (2) | 1415 | 72.50 | 16.20 | |||
Age | 20–29 (1) | 112 | 71.72 | 12.82 | 2.81* | (7) > (3), (4), (5) |
30–39 (2) | 319 | 73.64 | 11.40 | |||
40–49 (3) | 391 | 71.81 | 15.59 | |||
50–59 (4) | 398 | 71.90 | 16.20 | |||
60–69 (5) | 354 | 71.79 | 18.32 | |||
70–79 (6) | 275 | 72.55 | 19.54 | |||
80–89 (7) | 77 | 79.07 | 11.79 | |||
Birthplace | Weinan (1) | 691 | 71.73 | 16.46 | 2.67 * | (3) > (1), (2), (4) |
Hakka (2) | 1137 | 72.89 | 15.96 | |||
Aboriginal (3) | 62 | 77.03 | 11.92 | |||
Other provinces (4) | 70 | 70.70 | 17.85 | |||
Education level | Elementary school or under level (1) | 564 | 73.01 | 17.44 | 2.51 * | (5) > (3) |
Junior high school (2) | 274 | 73.52 | 15.29 | |||
High school (3) | 337 | 70.74 | 17.05 | |||
College (4) | 622 | 72.01 | 14.68 | |||
Graduate institute (5) | 157 | 74.96 | 14.37 | |||
Marital status | Celibate (1) | 224 | 72.38 | 13.55 | 0.26 | |
Married (2) | 1560 | 72.36 | 16.40 | |||
Separated/Divorced (3) | 41 | 71.21 | 14.62 | |||
Widowed (4) | 144 | 73.40 | 16.48 | |||
Religion | None (1) | 563 | 73.75 | 14.09 | 2.38 | |
Taoism (2) | 730 | 72.42 | 16.07 | |||
Buddhism (3) | 506 | 71.05 | 18.43 | |||
I-Kuan Tao (4) | 36 | 73.55 | 12.93 | |||
Christian/Catholic (5) | 102 | 74.60 | 11.92 | |||
Working situation | None (housekeeper) (1) | 710 | 73.72 | 16.00 | 1.69 | |
Unemployed (2) | 43 | 69.96 | 16.79 | |||
Retired (3) | 219 | 71.37 | 20.03 | |||
Part time (4) | 68 | 72.53 | 16.21 | |||
Full time (5) | 891 | 72.14 | 14.54 | |||
Occupational class | Public service (1) | 190 | 70.17 | 16.72 | 4.52 *** | (2) > (4) |
Teach (2) | 457 | 73.90 | 14.06 | |||
Agriculture (3) | 77 | 74.28 | 13.86 | |||
Craft (4) | 121 | 68.60 | 15.91 | |||
Business (5) | 47 | 69.26 | 15.31 | |||
Freelance (6) | 99 | 69.24 | 16.50 |
Index | n | Before | After | Paired T |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic syndrome cognition | 1612 | 56.80 ± 26.77 | 73.37 ± 23.95 | 23.12 *** |
Exercise index score | 1747 | 36.89 ± 26.44 | 41.01 ± 24.78 | 4.80 *** |
Diet behavior standard score | 1741 | 72.31 ± 16.24 | 75.64 ± 14.85 | 6.35 *** |
Health condition standard score | 1827 | 63.43 ± 12.75 | 64.17 ± 12.98 | 1.76 |
Intervention | Pre-Test | Post-Test | Chi-Square | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | No | Yes | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Regular exercise measures | 710 | 50.6 | 694 | 49.4 | 645 | 45.9 | 759 | 54.1 | 6.09 * |
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Tai, H.-C.; Tzeng, I.-S.; Liang, Y.-C.; Liao, H.-H.; Su, C.-H.; Kung, W.-M. Interventional Effects of Weight-Loss Policy in a Healthy City among Participants with Metabolic Syndrome. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030323
Tai H-C, Tzeng I-S, Liang Y-C, Liao H-H, Su C-H, Kung W-M. Interventional Effects of Weight-Loss Policy in a Healthy City among Participants with Metabolic Syndrome. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(3):323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030323
Chicago/Turabian StyleTai, Hsu-Chih, I-Shiang Tzeng, Yen-Ching Liang, Hsiu-Hui Liao, Chun-Hsien Su, and Woon-Man Kung. 2019. "Interventional Effects of Weight-Loss Policy in a Healthy City among Participants with Metabolic Syndrome" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3: 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030323