Critical Hazards Identification and Prevention of Cascading Escalator Accidents at Metro Rail Transit Stations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methods
3.1. Cascading Escalator Accidents Investigation Methods
3.2. Network Modelling Methods
3.3. Network Analysis Methods
3.3.1. Degree and Strength of Hazards
3.3.2. The CC of Hazards
3.3.3. The Betweenness of Hazards
4. Case Study
4.1. Beijing Cascading Escalator Accidents Data Gathering
4.2. Beijing CEHN Modelling and Visualization
4.3. Analyzing the Topological Characteristics of Beijing CEHN
4.3.1. Degree and Strength Distribution
4.3.2. Un-Weighted and Weighted CC of Hazards
4.3.3. Betweenness Centrality
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Code Hazards Description | Code Hazards Description |
---|---|
Escalator | Rider (Improper riding behavior–non-task-active) |
1 Speed of escalator change | 30 Pick up the dropped item |
2 Handrail poor electrical isolation | 31 Wearing improper outfit |
3 Handrails are not synchronized with the escalator | 32 Drop the clothing items |
4 Insufficient height between escalator and the Billboard above | 33 Stepping off the escalator |
5 Emergency stops | 34 Step on edges of escalator steps |
6 Unexpected reverse | 35 Not holding the handrail |
7 Shake | 36 Not standing still |
Maintenance | Rider (Bad health condition) |
8 Water absorbing blanket bulge | 37 Fainting/black out |
9 The exposure of damaged part of escalator | 38 Use of personal items on the escalator (e.g., pushchair, crutch) |
10 The camouflage door under the escalator opens | 39 Drunk |
11 Escalator floor plate bulges | 40 Old people have difficulty in moving |
Environment | 41 Pregnancy |
12 Water on floor or steps | 42 Small kids unbalanced |
13 Object or riders falling or rolling down | 43 Lack of lower body mobility in older/unhealthy people |
14 Too crowded | 44 Poor eyesight |
Rider (task-driven behavior) | 45 Disabled |
15 Running or walking on the escalator | 46 Bad health condition |
16 Concentrated on mobile phones, newspapers in hand | Rider (Last passive action) |
17 With children/attending to children | 47 Being struck/hit by luggage |
18 Taking care for fellow traveler | 48 Being knocked over by riders |
19 Carrying wheelchair or trolley or bicycle | 49 Crushed by riders ahead or behind |
20 Dropping the baby out of stroller/arm | 50 Cannot hold the handrail |
21 Carrying bulk items (luggage) | 51 Cannot stand still |
22 Dropping luggage | 52 Loss of balance |
23 Cannot lift the luggage | 53 Slipped over |
24 Playing on the escalator | 54 Tripped over |
25 Quarrels with others | 55 Entrapment of outfit |
26 Looking back | 56 Being pulled out of balance by suitcase |
27 Accompanying riders | 57 Being pulled out of balance by falling riders |
28 Help the falling riders | 58 Being Knocked over/hit by the part of escalator |
29 Stop luggage falling | 59 Got electrocution from escalator |
60 Scared | |
61 Sprained the ankle |
Case No. | Hazard Chains | Case No. | Hazard Chains | Case No. | Hazard Chains |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 27→36→52→13→47→57 | 110 | 36→52→13→49 | 219 | 21→35→52 |
2 | 27→36→52→13→47→57 | 111 | 36→52→13→49 | 220 | 21→35→52 |
3 | 27→36→52→13→48→57 | 112 | 40→52→28→49 | 221 | 21→35→52 |
4 | 27→36→52→13→49→57 | 113 | 13→21→52→49 | 222 | 21→35→52 |
5 | 42→52→13→17→49→57 | 114 | 21→35→52→49 | 223 | 21→35→52 |
6 | 21→22→56→13→49 | 115 | 21→35→52→49 | 224 | 21→35→52 |
7 | 17→39→36→52→49 | 116 | 21→35→52→49 | 225 | 21→35→52 |
8 | 21→29→23→56→52 | 117 | 21→35→52→49 | 226 | 21→35→52 |
9 | 37→21→22→13→28→57 | 118 | 21→35→52→49 | 227 | 21→35→52 |
10 | 38→35→36→13→28→57 | 119 | 17→42→52→49 | 228 | 21→35→52 |
11 | 21→23→52→13→28→57 | 120 | 17→36→20→52 | 229 | 21→35→52 |
12 | 21→29→52→13→28→57 | 121 | 38→40→21→52 | 230 | 21→35→52 |
13 | 17→35→52→13→28→57 | 122 | 21→25→26→52 | 231 | 21→35→52 |
14 | 17→35→52→13→28→57 | 123 | 40→13→28→52 | 232 | 21→35→52 |
15 | 21→35→52→13→28→57 | 124 | 36→52→28→52 | 233 | 21→35→52 |
16 | 17→35→52→13→47 | 125 | 19→35→29→52 | 234 | 21→35→52 |
17 | 17→40→52→13→49 | 126 | 15→25→33→52 | 235 | 21→35→52 |
18 | 17→42→52→13→49 | 127 | 14→21→35→52 | 236 | 21→35→52 |
19 | 21→23→56→13→49 | 128 | 14→21→35→52 | 237 | 21→35→52 |
20 | 21→23→56→13→49 | 129 | 33→21→35→52 | 238 | 21→35→52 |
21 | 21→23→56→13→49 | 130 | 38→21→35→52 | 240 | 21→35→52 |
22 | 21→23→56→13→49 | 131 | 45→21→35→52 | 241 | 21→35→52 |
23 | 21→29→56→13→49 | 132 | 21→23→35→52 | 242 | 21→35→52 |
24 | 21→29→56→13→49 | 133 | 21→23→35→52 | 243 | 21→35→52 |
25 | 21→29→56→13→49 | 134 | 21→23→35→52 | 244 | 21→35→52 |
26 | 21→22→13→17→49 | 135 | 21→23→35→52 | 245 | 21→35→52 |
27 | 39→37→13→17→49 | 136 | 21→23→35→52 | 246 | 21→35→52 |
28 | 17→40→52→20→49 | 137 | 40→27→35→52 | 247 | 21→35→52 |
29 | 17→40→52→20→49 | 138 | 13→28→35→52 | 248 | 21→35→52 |
30 | 17→40→52→20→52 | 139 | 13→28→35→52 | 249 | 21→35→52 |
31 | 17→42→21→23→52 | 140 | 21→29→35→52 | 250 | 21→35→52 |
32 | 21→29→40→23→56 | 141 | 21→40→35→52 | 251 | 21→35→52 |
33 | 21→29→40→23→56 | 142 | 43→17→36→52 | 252 | 21→35→52 |
34 | 36→52→13→28→56 | 143 | 21→35→40→52 | 253 | 21→35→52 |
35 | 36→52→13→28→57 | 144 | 21→35→40→52 | 254 | 21→35→52 |
36 | 36→52→13→28→57 | 145 | 21→35→40→52 | 255 | 21→35→52 |
37 | 21→35→52→28→57 | 146 | 21→35→40→52 | 256 | 21→35→52 |
38 | 31→32→30→35→57 | 147 | 21→35→40→52 | 257 | 21→35→52 |
39 | 21→22→13→47→57 | 148 | 17→40→42→52 | 258 | 21→35→52 |
40 | 21→22→13→47 | 149 | 14→51→50→52 | 259 | 21→35→52 |
41 | 21→22→13→47 | 150 | 14→51→50→52 | 260 | 21→35→52 |
42 | 21→22→13→47 | 151 | 14→51→50→52 | 261 | 21→35→52 |
43 | 21→22→13→47 | 152 | 14→51→50→52 | 262 | 21→35→52 |
44 | 21→22→13→47 | 153 | 14→51→50→52 | 263 | 21→35→52 |
45 | 21→22→13→47 | 154 | 14→51→50→52 | 264 | 21→35→52 |
46 | 21→22→13→47 | 155 | 14→51→50→52 | 265 | 21→35→52 |
47 | 21→29→13→47 | 156 | 14→51→50→52 | 266 | 21→35→52 |
48 | 21→29→13→47 | 157 | 21→22→13→56 | 267 | 21→35→52 |
49 | 21→29→13→47 | 158 | 21→29→13→56 | 268 | 21→35→52 |
50 | 21→29→13→47 | 159 | 21→29→13→56 | 269 | 21→35→52 |
51 | 35→52→13→48 | 160 | 21→29→13→56 | 270 | 24→35→52 |
52 | 35→52→13→48 | 161 | 21→29→13→56 | 271 | 38→35→52 |
53 | 36→52→13→48 | 162 | 21→40→23→56 | 272 | 40→35→52 |
54 | 36→52→13→48 | 163 | 21→40→29→56 | 273 | 38→36→52 |
55 | 36→52→13→48 | 164 | 21→23→35→56 | 274 | 40→36→52 |
56 | 36→52→13→48 | 165 | 21→23→35→56 | 275 | 40→36→52 |
57 | 36→52→13→48 | 166 | 21→29→40→56 | 276 | 40→36→52 |
58 | 17→40→52→48 | 167 | 21→29→40→56 | 277 | 40→36→52 |
59 | 21→29→13→49 | 168 | 40→36→13→57 | 278 | 40→36→52 |
60 | 21→29→13→49 | 169 | 40→36→13→57 | 279 | 40→36→52 |
61 | 19→34→13→49 | 170 | 40→36→13→57 | 280 | 40→36→52 |
62 | 19→34→13→49 | 171 | 36→52→13→57 | 281 | 40→36→52 |
63 | 17→36→13→49 | 172 | 36→52→13→57 | 282 | 40→36→52 |
64 | 35→36→13→49 | 173 | 36→52→28→57 | 283 | 42→36→52 |
65 | 40→36→13→49 | 174 | 40→52→28→57 | 284 | 43→36→52 |
66 | 35→52→13→49 | 175 | 40→52→28→57 | 285 | 43→36→52 |
67 | 35→52→13→49 | 176 | 40→52→28→57 | 286 | 16→39→52 |
68 | 35→52→13→49 | 177 | 40→52→28→57 | 287 | 21→40→52 |
69 | 35→52→13→49 | 178 | 40→52→28→57 | 288 | 38→43→52 |
70 | 35→52→13→49 | 179 | 40→52→28→57 | 289 | 38→43→52 |
71 | 35→52→13→49 | 180 | 40→27→36→57 | 290 | 1→46→52 |
72 | 35→52→13→49 | 181 | 1→46→61→60 | 291 | 41→53→52 |
73 | 35→52→13→49 | 182 | 17→52→20 | 292 | 33→53→52 |
74 | 35→52→13→49 | 183 | 40→35→36 | 293 | 31→55→52 |
75 | 35→52→13→49 | 185 | 21→13→47 | 294 | 31→55→52 |
76 | 36→52→13→49 | 186 | 21→13→47 | 295 | 21→61→52 |
77 | 36→52→13→49 | 187 | 21→13→47 | 296 | 33→61→52 |
78 | 36→52→13→49 | 188 | 36→52→49 | 297 | 12→8→54 |
79 | 36→52→13→49 | 189 | 42→17→52 | 298 | 19→13→56 |
80 | 36→52→13→49 | 190 | 42→17→52 | 299 | 21→23→56 |
81 | 36→52→13→49 | 191 | 42→17→52 | 300 | 21→23→56 |
82 | 36→52→13→49 | 192 | 35→21→52 | 301 | 21→23→56 |
83 | 36→52→13→49 | 193 | 38→21→52 | 302 | 21→23→56 |
84 | 36→52→13→49 | 194 | 17→24→52 | 303 | 21→23→56 |
85 | 36→52→13→49 | 195 | 21→29→52 | 304 | 21→23→56 |
86 | 36→52→13→49 | 196 | 21→29→52 | 305 | 21→23→56 |
87 | 36→52→13→49 | 197 | 21→29→52 | 306 | 21→23→56 |
88 | 36→52→13→49 | 198 | 15→33→52 | 307 | 21→23→56 |
89 | 36→52→13→49 | 199 | 15→33→52 | 308 | 21→23→56 |
90 | 36→52→13→49 | 200 | 16→33→52 | 309 | 21→23→56 |
91 | 36→52→13→49 | 201 | 21→33→52 | 310 | 21→23→56 |
92 | 36→52→13→49 | 202 | 21→35→52 | 311 | 21→23→56 |
93 | 36→52→13→49 | 203 | 17→35→52 | 312 | 21→23→56 |
94 | 36→52→13→49 | 204 | 17→35→52 | 313 | 21→23→56 |
95 | 36→52→13→49 | 205 | 17→35→52 | 314 | 21→29→56 |
96 | 36→52→13→49 | 206 | 17→35→52 | 315 | 21→29→56 |
97 | 36→52→13→49 | 207 | 17→35→52 | 316 | 21→29→56 |
98 | 36→52→13→49 | 208 | 17→35→52 | 317 | 21→29→56 |
99 | 36→52→13→49 | 209 | 17→35→52 | 318 | 21→29→56 |
100 | 36→52→13→49 | 210 | 17→35→52 | 319 | 21→29→56 |
101 | 36→52→13→49 | 211 | 17→35→52 | 320 | 21→29→56 |
102 | 36→52→13→49 | 212 | 17→35→52 | 321 | 21→29→56 |
103 | 36→52→13→49 | 213 | 18→35→52 | 322 | 21→29→56 |
104 | 36→52→13→49 | 214 | 19→35→52 | 323 | 27→35→57 |
105 | 36→52→13→49 | 215 | 21→35→52 | 324 | 27→35→57 |
106 | 36→52→13→49 | 216 | 21→35→52 | 325 | 1→41→60 |
107 | 36→52→13→49 | 217 | 21→35→52 | 326 | 1→46→60 |
108 | 36→52→13→49 | 218 | 21→35→52 | 327 | 1→46→60 |
109 | 36→52→13→49 | 21→35→52 | 1→46→60 |
Rank | Hazard | Un-Weighted Clustering Coefficient | Hazard | Weighted Clustering Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dropping luggage | 0.83 | Dropping luggage | 2.01 × 10−3 |
2 | Accompanying riders | 0.67 | Not standing still | 9.84 × 10−4 |
3 | Stop luggage falling | 0.57 | Cannot lift the luggage | 9.45 × 10−4 |
4 | Looking back | 0.50 | Accompanying riders | 7.68 × 10−4 |
5 | Playing on the escalator | 0.50 | Stop luggage falling | 7.32 × 10−4 |
6 | Cannot lift the luggage | 0.50 | Object or riders falling or rolling down | 7.01 × 10−4 |
7 | Use of personal items on the escalator (e.g., pushchair, crutch) | 0.50 | Help the falling riders | 6.64 × 10−4 |
8 | Stepping off the escalator | 0.50 | Looking back | 5.76 × 10−4 |
9 | Small kids unbalanced | 0.45 | Playing on the escalator | 4.39 × 10−4 |
10 | Being pulled out of balance by suitcase | 0.43 | Use of personal items on the escalator (e.g., pushchair, crutch) | 3.23 × 10−4 |
Rank | Hazards | Value | Hazard Interactions | Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Loss of balance | 0.1663 | Loss of balance-Object or riders falling or rolling down | 0.3798 |
2 | Object or riders falling or rolling down | 0.1607 | Object or riders falling or rolling down–With children/attending to children | 0.2147 |
3 | Carrying bulk items (luggage) | 0.1248 | Object or riders falling or rolling down Carrying bulk items (luggage) | 0.1403 |
4 | With children/attending to children | 0.0641 | With children/attending to children-Drunk | 0.0744 |
5 | Not holding the handrail | 0.0506 | Not holding the handrail-Carrying bulk items (luggage) | 0.0713 |
6 | Stepping off the escalator | 0.0241 | Carrying bulk items (luggage)–Quarrels with others | 0.0674 |
7 | Old people have difficulty in moving | 0.0219 | Carrying bulk items (luggage)–Stepping off the escalator | 0.0636 |
8 | Drunk | 0.0134 | Carrying bulk items (luggage)–Sprained the ankle | 0.0605 |
9 | Quarrels with others | 0.0128 | Pick up the dropped item–Not holding the handrail | 0.0558 |
10 | Pick up the dropped item | 0.0121 | Drunk-Fainting/black out | 0.0512 |
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Wang, Z.; Bhamra, R.S.; Wang, M.; Xie, H.; Yang, L. Critical Hazards Identification and Prevention of Cascading Escalator Accidents at Metro Rail Transit Stations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103400
Wang Z, Bhamra RS, Wang M, Xie H, Yang L. Critical Hazards Identification and Prevention of Cascading Escalator Accidents at Metro Rail Transit Stations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(10):3400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103400
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Zhiru, Ran S. Bhamra, Min Wang, Han Xie, and Lili Yang. 2020. "Critical Hazards Identification and Prevention of Cascading Escalator Accidents at Metro Rail Transit Stations" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103400